Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

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1. What is the defining mean arterial pressure (mPAP) threshold for diagnosing pulmonary hypertension (PH)?

a) ≥14 mmHg

b) ≥17 mmHg

c) ≥20 mmHg

d) ≥25 mmHg

2. Which subclass of pulmonary hypertension has specific treatments available?

a) PH from left heart disease

b) PH associated with lung disease

c) PH with unclear multifactorial mechanisms

d) Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)

3. What is a common diagnostic tool initially used for investigating pulmonary hypertension?

a) CT scan

b) Echocardiogram

c) MRI

d) Ultrasound

4. Which of the following is NOT a symptom commonly associated with pulmonary hypertension?

a) Dyspnea

b) Syncope

c) Headache

d) Peripheral edema

5. Which functional classification of PH describes patients who experience symptoms even at rest?

a) Class I

b) Class II

c) Class III

d) Class IV

6. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

a) Schistosomiasis

b) Type 1 diabetes

c) Chronic asthma

d) Rheumatoid arthritis

7. Which medication type used for PAH can cause side effects like jaw pain, headache, and flushing?

a) Endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs)

b) Nitric oxide enhancers

c) Synthetic prostacyclin and prostacyclin analogues

d) ACE inhibitors

8. What is a key non-pharmacologic recommendation for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension?

a) Increase sodium intake

b) Avoid pregnancy

c) Avoid physical activity

d) Regular use of diuretics