Fungal Nail Infections

• Minor Ailment Fungal Infections Med Sask Guidelines 

1. What is the most common cause of onychomycosis (OM)?
   a) Bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus
   b) Yeasts like Candida species
   c) Dermatophytes such as Trichophyton
   d) Viral infections of the nail bed

2. Which subtype of onychomycosis is most common in immunocompromised patients?
   a) Distal subungual onychomycosis (DLSO)
   b) Superficial white onychomycosis (SWO)
   c) Proximal subungual onychomycosis (PSO)
   d) Lateral subungual onychomycosis

3. What is a hallmark feature of distal subungual onychomycosis (DLSO)?
   a) Chalky white patches on the nail plate
   b) Yellow discoloration with nail thickening and onycholysis
   c) White discoloration near the proximal nail fold
   d) Nail plate separation from the sides only

4. Which of the following is a key non-pharmacological strategy for preventing fungal nail infections?
   a) Applying nail polish to seal the nail plate
   b) Wearing occlusive footwear to protect the toes
   c) Keeping nails short, clean, and avoiding shared nail clippers
   d) Using strong detergents to clean the feet daily

5. What is the drug of choice for systemic treatment of onychomycosis?

a) Efinaconazole

b) Ciclopirox

c) Terbinafine

d) Fluconazole