Metabolic Acidosis and Hyperuricemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

• BC renal website http://www.bcrenal.ca/ 

• http://www.bcrenal.ca/resource-gallery/Documents/Management%20of%20Muscle%20Cramps%20in%20Patients%20with%20Chronic%20Kidney%20Disease.pdf

• http://www.bcrenal.ca/resource-gallery/Documents/Management%20of%20Pruritus%20in%20Patients%20with%20Chronic%20Kidney%20Disease.pdf

1. What is the primary cause of metabolic acidosis in CKD patients?

a) Increased protein intake

b) Reduced excretion of NH4+ (acid H+ ions) due to decreased functioning nephrons

c) High fruit intake leading to increased citrate levels

d) Use of thiazide diuretic

2. What percentage of CKD patients with a GFR <20–30 mL/min/1.73m² experience mild to moderate acidosis?  

a) 10%

b) 20%

c) 50%

d) 80%  

3. Which dietary factor contributes to the absence of acidosis in some CKD patients?

a) High animal protein intake

b) Low fruit intake

c) High fruit intake leading to increased citrate and bicarbonate levels

d) Use of loop diuretics  

4. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of metabolic acidosis in CKD patients? 

a) Hyperventilation

b) Hypokalemia

c) Confusion

d) Bone pain

5.  What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for metabolic acidosis in CKD patients?

a) Sodium bicarbonate

b)Calcium carbonate 

c) Febuxostat

d) Colchicine