In any right triangle, the square of the longest side (called the hypotenuse) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
The formula is:
a² + b² = c²
It only works in right triangles.
If one side is 3, and the other is 4:
3² + 4² = 9 + 16 = 25
So the hypotenuse is √25 = 5
Used in construction, architecture, navigation, and game design.