21.4 – 21.10 SHF Internet Wireless Local Area Networks, Radar, Radio Astronomy, Satellites and Somalia photos 40.
7 February 2021.
Super High Frequency (2 of 2).
SHF Internet Wireless Local Area Networks (LAN, WLAN).
Radio Astronomy,
Satellites,
Radar.
The All Frequency Database Index is here: http://sites.google.com/site/somaliaamateurradio/somaliaphotos10
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21.4 SHF LAN (Wireless Local Area Network).
21.5 SHF Meteorology radio.
21.6 SHF Military radio.
21.7 SHF Radar.
21.8 SHF Radio Astronomy.
21.9 SHF Rain scatter communications.
21.10 SHF Satellites.
21.4
LAN.
SHF LAN.
Wireless Local Area Networks.
Local Area Networks.
Wireless LAN.
The hobby of listening to internet long distant Local Area radio Networks.
Internet wireless radio networks.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_network
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN
Australia.
Wireless Local Area Networks in Australia.
Local Area Networks in Australia.
LAN in Australia.
The hobby of listening to Internet Wireless Local Area Network transmitters (LAN transmitters) in Australia.
No radio transmitter licence (license) is needed in Australia on the following SHF bands for LAN (WLAN) see conditions below.
5150 MHz – 5250 MHz (5.150 GHz – 5.250 GHz, 5.15 GHz – 5.25 GHz, 5150000 kHz – 5250000 kHz).
5250 MHz – 5350 MHz (5.250 GHz – 5.350 GHz, 5.25 GHz – 5.35 GHz, 5250000 kHz – 5350000 kHz).
5470 MHz – 5600 MHz (5.470 GHz – 5.600 GHz, 5.47 GHz – 5.60 GHz, 5470000 kHz – 5600000 kHz).
5650 MHz – 5725 MHz (5.650 GHz – 5.725 GHz, 5.65 GHz – 5.725 GHz, 5650000 kHz – 5725000 kHz).
In the SHF bands where no transmitter licence (license) is needed the maximum radiated antenna power is shown for each band:
5150 MHz – 5250 MHz using an average power of 200 mW e.i.r.p. indoors.
5250 MHz – 5350 MHz using an average power of 200 mW e.i.r.p. indoors. New devices must use Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) and Transmit Power Control (TPC). If TPC is not used then the maximum power allowed is 100 mW e.i.r.p.
5470 MHz – 5600 MHz using an average power of 1 Watt e.i.r.p. indoors. Must use Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) and Transmit Power Control (TPC). If no TPC then the maximum power allowed is 500 mW e.i.r.p.
5650 MHz – 5725 MHz using an average power of 1 Watt e.i.r.p. indoors. Must use Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) and Transmit Power Control (TPC). If no TPC then the maximum power allowed is 500 mW e.i.r.p.
These Local Area Network transmitters do not required licences (licenses) under the Australian radio regulations for Low Interference Potential Devices (LIPD) in 2009.
Australian Communications and Media Authority ACMA Regulations for Low Interference Potential Devices LIPD in 2009.
New Zealand.
Wireless Local Area Networks in New Zealand.
Local Area Networks in New Zealand.
LAN in New Zealand.
The hobby of listening to Internet Wireless Local Area Network transmitters (LAN transmitters) in Australia.
No radio transmitter licence (license) is needed in Australia on the following SHF bands for LAN (WLAN) see conditions below.
5150 MHz – 5250 MHz (5.150 GHz – 5.250 GHz, 5.15 GHz – 5.25 GHz, 5150000 kHz – 5250000 kHz).
5250 MHz – 5350 MHz (5.250 GHz – 5.350 GHz, 5.25 GHz – 5.35 GHz, 5250000 kHz – 5350000 kHz).
5470 MHz – 5725 MHz (5.470 GHz – 5.725 GHz, 5.47 GHz – 5.725 GHz, 5470000 kHz – 5725000 kHz).
In the SHF bands where no transmitter licence (license) is needed the maximum radiated antenna power is shown for each band:
5150 MHz – 5250 MHz using an average power of 200 mW e.i.r.p. indoors with a maximum permitted power density of 10 mW per MHz e.i.r.p. (equivalently to 0.25 mW per 25 kHz e.i.r.p.).
5250 MHz – 5350 MHz using an average power of 200 mW e.i.r.p. indoors. New devices must use Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) and Transmit Power Control (TPC). If TPC is not used then the maximum power allowed is 100 mW e.i.r.p.
5470 MHz – 5725 MHz maximum transmitter power is 250 mW with a maximum permitted mean power of 1 watt e.i.r.p. and a maximum permitted mean power density of 50 mW per MHz e.i.r.p., provided Dynamic Frequency Selection and Transmitter Power Control are implemented. If transmitter power control is not in use, then the maximum permitted mean power shall be reduced by 3 dB (equivalently to 500 mW e.i.r.p.).
These Local Area Network transmitters do not required licences (licenses) under the New Zealand radio regulations for Short Range Devices (SRD), also known as Restricted Radiation Devices (RRD), Low Interference Potential Devices (LIPD), or Spread Spectrum Devices (SSD).
See the 2020 updated New Zealand regulations here
Radiocommunications Regulations (General User Radio License for Short Range Devices) Notice 2020. From 0 - 246 GHz.
https://gazette.govt.nz/notice/id/2020-go5045
21.5
Meteorology radio.
SHF Meteorology radio.
Meteorological radio.
Meteorological radio stations.
The hobby of listening to Meteorological radio stations.
2000 MHz – 4000 MHz is for Radars, satellite meteorological images, remotely sensed data and for a Radio Direction Finding (RDF) system for tracking weather balloons called Radio Theodolite.
4000 MHz – 8000 MHz (4 GHz – 8 GHz) is for severe weather Radar monitors.
8000 MHz – 11000 MHz (8 GHz – 11 GHz) is for severe weather Radar monitors and the Earth orbiting satellite collection of meteorological images and remotely sensed data.
https://www.flight-mechanic.com/radio-navigation-weather-radar/
https://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/ntia00-40.pdf
21.6
Military radio.
SHF military radio stations.
Military radio on SHF.
The hobby of listening to military radio stations on SHF radio.
Australian SHF military radio frequencies between 3000 MHz to 30000 MHz include 2700 MHz ‑ 3100 MHz and 14400 MHz – 15400 MHz (14.4 ‑ 15.4 GHz) and are listed here.
Australian Communications and Media Authority ACMA frequency data base.
http://web.acma.gov.au/pls/radcom/assignment_range.range_lookup
21.7
Radar.
SHF radar.
Radar on SHF.
Including SHF radar (Marine radionavigation).
Marine radio navigation (Marine Radar).
Maximum 60 kW transmitter power output.
9300 – 9500 MHz (9.3 – 9.5 GHz).
Australia.
SHF radar in Australia.
Australian radar on SHF.
Australia radar on SHF.
The hobby of Listening to radar signals in Australia.
22000 MHz – 26500 MHz (22 GHz – 26.5 GHz).
Ultra‑wideband short‑range vehicle radar systems.
The Australian Low Interference Potential Devices (LIPD) regulations for transmitters not requiring a licence (license).
As you do with the Sun protect the eye and the human body by never looking into or standing in front of a radar antenna or any other microwave antenna.
Ultra‑wideband short‑range vehicle radar systems operating between 22000 MHz – 26500 MHz (22 GHz – 26.5 GHz) must not operate within 10 km of Parkes Radio Telescope (Parkes Observatory, near Parkes, N.S.W., Australia) or within 10 km of Paul Wild Radio Telescope (Paul Wild Observatory near Narrabri, N.S.W., Australia) or within 3 km of the Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex (A.C.T., Australian Capital Territory) or within 10 km of the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA Radio Astronomy Park, Mileura, Western Australia).
Canada.
SHF radar in Canada.
Canadian radar on SHF.
Canada radar on SHF.
The hobby of Listening to radar signals in Canada.
17150 MHz (17.15 GHz).
Radar systems on 17.15 GHz is covered in Canada by Radio Regulations RSS-210 – “Low-power licence-exempt radio communication devices” if the maximum power is 0.3 Watts e.i.r.p.
As you do with the Sun protect the eye and the human body by never looking into or standing in front of a radar antenna or any other microwave antenna.
USA.
SHF radar in the USA.
USA radar on SHF.
SHF radar in the US.
US radar on SHF.
The hobby of listening to radar signals in the USA.
1990 MHz – 10600 MHz (1.990 GHz – 10.600 GHz, 1.99 GHz – 10.6 GHz, 1990000 kHz – 10600000 kHz).
16200 MHz – 17.700 MHz (16.2 GHz – 17.7 GHz).
23120 MHz – 23600 MHz (23.12 GHz – 23.6 GHz, 23120000 kHz – 23600000 kHz).
24000 MHz – 29000 MHz (24 GHz – 29 GHz, 24000000 kHz – 29000000 kHz).
Radar systems used as assistance during vehicle reverse is covered in the USA FCC part 15 radio regulations for low power no-license-required devices and includes:
1.99 GHz – 10.6 GHz using -41.3dbm e.i.r.p. (74 nW eirp) for Police, law enforcement, fire department, emergency services and training only.
16.2 GHz – 17.7 GHz using -41.3dbm e.i.r.p. (74 nW eirp).
23.12 GHz – 23.6 GHz using -41.3dbm e.i.r.p. (74 nW eirp).
24 GHz – 29 GHz using -41.3dbm e.i.r.p. (74 nW eirp).
21.8
Radio Astronomy.
SHF Radio Astronomy.
Radio Astronomy on SHF.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_radio_telescopes
The hobby of listening to radio waves from space on SHF radio.
The hobby of listening to radio waves from the Universe on SHF radio.
Australia.
Radio Astronomy in Australia.
Australian Radio Astronomy.
Australia Radio Astronomy.
Mount Pleasant Observatory, Hobart, TAS., Australia.
A hobby in Radio Astronomy can lead to an interest to study Radio Astronomy at University.
University of Tasmania operates radio telescopes on UHF and SHF between 660 MHz to 22 GHz.
University of Tasmania radio telescope receives radio waves from outer space.
University of Tasmania School of Mathematics and Physics has courses that lead to Radio Astronomy.
University of Tasmania welcomes visitors to come and see the radio telescope.
Mount Pleasant radio telescope Observatory, Hobart, TAS., Australia.
The Mount Pleasant Radio telescope operates between 660 MHz UHF and 22 GHz SHF.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Pleasant_Radio_Observatory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_Telescope_Compact_Array
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mopra_Telescope
Australia Very Long Baseline Interferometry VLBI.
Australia Very Long Baseline Interferomer VLBI.
VLBI is a method of collecting all the radio signals received by radio telescopes across Australia to give a high resolution radio image and high resolution spectroscopy (the study of chemical interactions millions and billions of kilometers away from Earth).
The VLBI system involves collecting the radio signals received at radio telescopes all over Australia and combining them (using computer software) to study radio waves from Outer Space using frequencies on:
1.4 GHz (UHF band),
1.6 GHz (UHF band),
2.3 GHz (UHF band),
5.0 GHz (SHF band),
6.0 GHz (SHF band),
6.7 GHz (SHF band),
8.4 GHz (SHF band),
12 GHz (SHF band) and
22 GHz (SHF band).
Map showing the location of VLBI radio telescopes in Australia.
http://www.atnf.csiro.au/vlbi/documentation/map.html
Ceduna South Australia.
Ceduna Observatory, Ceduna South Australia.
Known as the Ceduna Satellite Earth station in 1969 it has a 30 metre (29.6 metre exactly) diameter radio antenna operating from 4000 MHz to 6000 MHz. In 1996 Ceduna Satellite Earth station was donated to the University of Tasmania from the previous owner, the Overseas Telecommunications Commission OTC, Australia. OTC used this facility for Global communications through the Intelsat satellite system. In 1989 half of Australia’s international communications was through this satellite Earth station.
Ceduna Satellite Earth station transmitted on frequencies 5925 MHz – 6425 MHz and received satellite signals on 3700 – 4200 MHz.
The Ceduna Satellite Earth communications station was converted to a radio telescope station to receive radio waves from Outer Space.
Ceduna radio telescope frequencies used to receive radio waves from Outer Space include:
S band 2 GHz – 2.35 GHz,
C band 4.8 GHz – 5.3 GHz,
Methanol spectral line 6.4 GHz – 6.9 GHz (6.65 GHz),
X band 8.2 GHz – 8.7 GHz,
Ku band 12.1 GHz – 12.6 GHz and
K band 18 GHz – 25 GHz (tested on 22.2 GHz).
https://southaustralia.com/products/eyre-peninsula/attraction/otc-satellite-earth-station
Canberra, Australia.
Deep Space Communication Complex, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia.
Tidbinbilla Deep Space tracking station.
Tidbinbilla radio telescope.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Deep Space Network in Australia.
Tidbinbilla has a 70 metre radio antenna and a 34 metre radio antenna used for space communications with NASA manned spacecraft and with the space craft orbiting the plant Mars which is relaying photos from the two robot vehicles that are driving on the surface of Mars and for the reception and study of radio waves from Outer Space.
SHF Space communications.
SHF Communications in space.
SHF Communications from Earth to space.
SHF Communications from space to Earth.
SHF Radio communications in space.
SHF Radio communications from Earth to space.
SHF Radio communications from space to Earth.
The frequencies used by the NASA Deep Space Network Canberra, Australia include:
18 cm L band from 1610 MHz – 1705 MHz.
13 cm S band from 2200 MHz – 2300 MHz.
3 cm X band from 8183 MHz – 8633 MHz.
1 cm K band from 19910 MHz – 20510 MHz.
1 cm K band from 21780 MHz – 22380 MHz.
1 cm K band from 23610 MHz – 24210 MHz.
Tidbinbilla Deep Space tracking station is open 7 days a week and visitors are welcome for free (no charges, no fees).
http://www.atnf.csiro.au/observers/tidbinbilla
Parkes, Australia.
Parkes Radio Telescope, Australia.
Parkes Observatory, Parkes, N.S.W., Australia.
Parkes radio telescope is a 64 metre radio antenna used for space communications with NASA manned spacecraft and for the reception and study of radio waves from Outer Space.
Parkes radio telescope receives radio waves from space between 80 MHz to 22000 MHz in the VHF, UHF and SHF bands. Radio frequencies of special interest at Parkes Observatory include frequencies used for space communications and radio astronomy:
408 MHz band
50 cm band 680 MHz (640 MHz – 704 MHz UHF band)
21 cm band 1394. 5 MHz (1220 MHz – 1530 MHz).
10 cm S band for space shuttle and International space station communications 2 GHz – 4 GHz.
2400 MHz band.
2700 MHz band.
4850 MHz band.
8400 MHz band.
http://www.parkes.atnf.csiro.au
http://www.parkes.atnf.csiro.au/observing/databases/pkscat90.html
21.9
Rain scatter communications.
SHF Rain scatter communications.
Rain scatter communications on SHF.
The hobby of listening to long distance radio signals reflected by rain or snow on 10000 MHz (10 GHz).
http://www.wa1mba.org/10grain.htm
http://tucnak.nagano.cz/wiki/Rain_Scatter
https://wiki.batc.org.uk/images/0/00/Propagation_CAT16.pdf
https://wiki.microwavers.org.uk/Getting_Started
21.10
Satellites.
SHF Satellites.
Satellites on SHF.
The hobby of listening to orbiting space satellites on SHF radio.
Satellite beacon frequencies.
Satellite beacon frequencies for PanAmSat satellites from 3.698 GHz – 4.1995 GHz.
Satellite beacon frequencies for PanAmSat satellites from 3698 MHz – 4199.5 MHz.
Satellite beacon frequencies for Eutelsat satellites from 11 GHz – 12.55 GHz and 19.701 GHz.
Satellite beacon frequencies for Eutelsat satellites from 11000 MHz – 12550 MHz and 19701 MHz.
http://lea.hamradio.si/~s51kq/S5-TECH.HTM
Introduction to PanAmSat satellites.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PanAmSat
Introduction to Eutelsat satellites.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutelsat
Submarine to satellite communications on SHF and EHF.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4753497
Amateur Radio Satellites on SHF.
SHF Amateur Radio satellite frequency bands.
SHF Amateur Radio satellite frequencies.
Amateur Radio Satellite Service frequency allocations on SHF.
3.4 – 3.6 GHz 9 centimetre amateur radio satellite band (9 centimeter band) 3400 – 3600 MHz transmissions from Space to Earth.
5.65 – 5.67 GHz 6 centimetre amateur radio satellite band (6 centimeter band) 5650 - 5670 MHz uplink (Transmissions form Earth to Space).
5.83 – 5.85 GHz 6 centimetre amateur radio satellite band (6 centimeter band) 5830 - 5850 MHz downlink (Transmissions form Space to Earth).
10.450 - 10.500 GHz 3 centimetre amateur radio satellite band (3 centimeter band) 10450 - 10500 MHz.
24.00 - 24.05 GHz 1.25 centimetre amateur radio satellite band (1.25 centimeter band) 24000 - 24050 MHz.
Frequencies for satellites in the fixed satellite service.
4500 – 4800 MHz 4.5 – 4.8 GHz Satellites in a fixed position transmitting from Space to Earth.
6725 – 7025 MHz 6.725 – 7.025 GHz Satellites in a fixed position (transmissions from Earth to Space).
10700 – 10950 MHz 10.7 – 10.95 GHz Satellites in a fixed position transmitting from Space to Earth.
11200 – 11450 MHz 11.2 – 11. 45 GHz Satellites in a fixed position transmitting from Space to Earth.
12750 – 13250 MHz 12.75 – 13.25 GHz Satellites in a fixed position (transmissions from Earth to Space).
Frequencies for satellites in the satellite broadcasting service.
11700 – 12500 MHz 11.7 – 12.5 GHz Satellite broadcasting transmissions from Space to Earth in Region 1 (Africa, Europe, Middle East).
12200 – 12700 MHz 12.2 – 12.7 GHz Satellite broadcasting from Space to Earth in Region 2 (America).
11700 – 12200 MHz 11.7 – 12.2 GHz Satellite broadcasting from Space to Earth in Region 3 (Asia, Australia).
14500 – 14800 MHz 14.5 – 14.8 GHz Satellite broadcasting from Space to Earth in Regions 1 (Africa, Europe, Middle East) and 3 (Asia, Australia).
17300 – 18100 MHz 17.3 – 18.1 GHz Satellite broadcasting (transmissions from Earth to Space) in Regions 1 (Africa, Europe, Middle East) and 3 (Asia, Australia).
17300 – 17800 MHz 17.3 – 17.8 GHz Satellite broadcasting (transmissions from Earth to Space) in Region 2 (America).
Updated 4 August 2009.
ITU regulations as at 2021.
https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-S/en
Australia.
Australia satellite communications.
Australian satellite communications.
3400 – 5150 MHz fixed satellite transmissions from Space to Earth.
5150 – 5470 MHz mobile satellite (transmissions from Earth to Space).
10.6 -12.75 MHz fixed satellite transmissions from Space to Earth).
12.75 – 14 MHZ fixed satellite (transmissions from Earth to Space).
Updated 4 August 2009.
Australian satellite.
Optus satellite.
Optus satellites.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optus_fleet_of_satellites
See 5.3a – 5.3d (Satellite radio broadcasting).
See 6.7 (Satellite TV broadcasting).
See 18.16 (HF Satellites).
See 19.13 (VHF Satellites).
See 20.15 (UHF Satellites).
See 22.7 (EHF Satellites).
See 23.2 (THF Satellites, Earth and space exploration).
See 24 – 29.
How to build a radio station in Somalia.
How to build a radio station antenna in Somalia.
The antenna reaches the top of the 30 metre (30 meter) tower in Galkayo, North East Somalia.
Radio Free Somalia (“Free for all to use” known later as Radio Galkayo) at Galkayo Police station in Galkayo, North East Somalia (August 1994).
North East Somalia became the Puntland State of Somalia on the 1st August 1998.
(Photo Sam Voron 6O0A, VK2BVS, directing the lifting operations from the ground Abdikarim Nur Mohamud 6O0W).
Index https://sites.google.com/site/somaliaamateurradio/index1
Contact: Sam Voron VK2BVS, 6O0A.
Email somaliahamradio@yahoo.com