CLion
To run a program in CLion you need a compiler. If you already have Visual Studio with C++ installed then you already have a compiler and just need to configure it in File -> Settings -> Build, Execution, Deployment -> Toolchains
The Visual Studio toolchain does not allow debugging however so you will want to add MinGW. Just choose it in Toolchains and click Download. The defaults are fine.
Programs written on Macs may need Cygwin. See instructions. Be sure to add to PATH.
Standalone Executable
Add set (CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -static-libstdc++ -static-libgcc") under set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14) in CMakeLists.txt
Find exe in cmake-build-debug folder
Debugging Tools in CLion
Configure a toolchain other than Visual Studio (if you don't already have one)
File -> Settings -> Build, Execution, Deployment -> Toolchains. MinGW - Download, install, choose location like C:\Program Files (x86)\mingw-w64\i686-8.1.0-posix-dwarf-rt_v6-rev0\mingw32
Move that environment to the top
Add breakpoint
Run -> Debug
Step into and step over