20. Neurologic Drugs and Opioids for Pain Management
Sheila A Doggrell
Discipline of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, GPO Box 2434, QLD 4001, Australia
Phone +61 7 38705741 Fax +61 7 31381534 Email sheila.doggrell@qut.edu.au
Key words: epilepsy, treatment of partial seizures, carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproate, vigabatrin, treatment of generalised seizures, barbiturates, phenobarbital, ethosuximide, treatment of status epilepticus, lorazepam, diazepam, Parkinson’s disease, treatment of Parkinson’s disease, l-dopa, carbidopa, amantadine, bromocriptine, cabergoline, selegilene, entacapone, benzotropine, Alzhemier’s disease, dementia, doneprezil, memantine, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (motor neurone disease), riluzole, baclofen, pain, opioid analgesics, morphine, fentanyl, codeine, buprenorphine, tramadol
Contents
20.1 Epilepsy and an introduction to drugs used to treat
20.1.1 Introduction to epilepsy
20.1.2 Treatment of partial seizures
20.1.3 Treatment of generalised seizures
20.1.4 Treatment of status epilepticus
20.2 Neurodegenerative disorders; principles of treatment
20.2.1 Introduction to neurodegenerative disorders
20.2.2 Parkinson’s disease
20.2.2.1 Introduction to Parkinson’s disease
20.2.2.2 Dopaminergic system
20.2.2.3 Treatment to enhance the dopaminergic system
20.2.2.4 Treatment to inhibit the cholinergic system
20.2.3 Dementia/Alzheimer’s disease
20.2.3.1 Introduction to Alzheimer’s disease
20.2.3.2 Treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
20.2.4 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
43.4.1 Introduction
43.4.2 Treatment
20.3. Pain and opioid analgesics
20.3.1 Introduction to pain and analgesia
20.3.2 Introduction to opioids
20.3.3 Tolerance and physical dependence
20.3.4 Effects of opioids
20.3.5 Agonists at opioid µ receptors
20.3.6 Toxicity to opioids
This section deals with the neurologic drugs. The neurologic drugs are used to treat epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. The opioids for pain management are also discussed in this section.