16.02.1 Introduction to Prokinetics

Prokinetics enhance gastrointestinal motility and transit of material in gastrointestinal tract. Heartburn is due to the backup of acid from the stomach and oesophagus. The most common cause of heartburn is Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD or GORD). In GERD there is either a weakened lower oesophageal sphincter or the sphincter relaxes too frequently. In GERD, prokinetics prevent the heartburn by increase the motility in the oesophagus.

Gastroparesis is severely impaired emptying of stomach not caused by obstruction. The usual cause of gastroparesis is the loss of neural control as a result of diabetes. In gastroparesis, prokinetics increase the motility in the stomach, and this increases stomach emptying.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is intermittent cramps and constipation, with alternating periods of diarrhoea. Prokinetics are used in the constipation associated with irritable bowel syndrome.