12. Drugs for Hypertension, Angina and Heart Failure

Sheila A Doggrell

Discipline of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, GPO Box 2434, QLD 4001, Australia

Phone +61 7 38705741 Fax +61 7 31381534 Email sheila.doggrell@qut.edu.au

Reviewer required

Key words: hypertension, thiazide diuretics, hydrochlothiazide, K-sparing diuretics, amiloride, angiotensin II, bradykinin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, enalapril, AT₁-receptor antagonists, candesartan, Ca²⁺-entry blockers, amlodipine, α-adrenoceptor antagonists, prazosin, β-adrenoceptor blockers, atenolol, angina, stable and unstable angina, coronary artery spasm, nitroglycerin, isosorbide mononitrate, metropolol, heart failure, loop diuretics, frusemide, spironolactone, digoxin

Contents

12.1 Drugs for hypertension

12.1.1 Epidemiology and pathophysiology

12.1.2 Diuretics for hypertension

12.2.3 Vasodilators for hypertension

12.4.4 β-Adrenoceptor blockers for hypertension

12.2. Drugs for angina

12.2.1 Typical angina

12.2.2 Drugs to treat an attack of typical angina

12,2.3 Drugs to prevent an attack of typical angina

12.2.4 Atypical angina

12.3 Drugs for heart failure

12.3.1 The heart failure epidemic

12.3.2 Compensatory changes in heart failure

12.3.3 Diuretics for heart failure

12.3.4 ACE inhibitors and AT₁-receptor antagonists

12.3.5 β-adrenoceptor antagonists

12.3.6 Digoxin

Under drugs and the cardiovascular system, six topics are to be considered. In this chapter drugs for hypertension, drugs for angina, and drugs for heart failure are considered, and in the next chapter, drugs for cardiac arrhythmias, anti-thrombotic drugs, and lipid modulating drugs.