19.03.3 Anxiolytic Drug Indications and Drug Classes

Anxiolytic drugs act to reduce anxiety. Research has shown that different subtypes of anxiety disorders are best managed with different therapies, however the predominant therapies are benzodiazepines and antidepressants (such as the SSRIs). It is important to appreciate that benzodiazepines are used for a variety of reasons other than anxiolysis, including muscle relaxation, sedation and sleep, convulsions, and alcohol withdrawal. Similarly, some antidepressant drugs are very effective anxiolytics.

Non-pharmacological interventions such as cognitive-behavioural therapy and fear extinction may also be highly effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Indeed, a combination of both psychological and pharmacological treatments is most efficacious.