08.04 Botox

Anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum produces several toxins including botulinum toxin A (commonly known as Botox). Botox blocks the release of acetylcholine from all cholinergic nerve endings. This means that Botox inhibits the release of acetylcholine from the preganglionic nerves of the autonomic nervous system (both parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system), from the postganglionic nerves of parasympathetic NS, and from the somatic nervous system. Thus, Botox inhibits the actions of the autonomic and somatic nervous system. The blockade with Botox lasts 3 to 4 months, and restoration of function requires nerve growth. Clinically, Botox is used to treat muscle spasms in a variety of conditions. Botox is best known for its use in cosmetic surgery. Because Botox is extremely toxic, miniscule amounts are used and with intramuscular administration, there is only a local effect.