Magnesium

Magnesium and Miscarriage

Low magnesium associated with miscarriage

Compared with controls, a significant decrease in magnesium, with increase of the calcium/magnesium ratio, was found in miscarriage.

Low magnesium, phosphorus found in threatened miscarriage

The study showed symptoms of threatened miscarriage are related to decreased concentrations of inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, total protein and albumin and reduced activity of total alkaline phosphatase activity (alkaline phosphatases are most effective in an alkaline environment). Women who did not undergo miscarriage showed significantly higher inorganic phosphorus concentration compared to those who lost pregnancy, what might be of prognostic value.

Phosphorus and Miscarriage

100% of previously infertile women gave birth after normalizing magnesium levels

After a further two months of 200 micrograms daily oral selenium as selenomethionine and oral magnesium supplements, all six women normalized their RBC-Mg (P < 0.0001) and RBC-GSH-Px (P < 0.0001) levels. All 12 previously infertile women have produced normal healthy babies all conceiving within eight months of normalizing their red blood cell magnesium levels (600 mg/day magnesium). Selenium supplementation (200mcg) was necessary for 6 of the women to normalize their red blood cell magnesium levels.

Selenium and miscarriage

Magnesium deficiency linked to miscarriage and birth defects

Some studies suggest that magnesium deficiency may play a role in miscarriage of diabetic women, in fetal malformations and in the pathogenesis of neonatal hypocalcemia of the infants of diabetic mothers.

Magnesium prevents preterm labor

Magnesium supplementation during pregnancy seems necessary because it improves maternal health and fetal outcome. Magnesium supplementation reduces the incidence of preterm labour and vaginal haemorrhage. Premature delivery is significantly reduced from 8.2 to 2.8%. Intravenous magnesium application in pharmacological doses is still the therapeutic basis in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.

Magnesium deficiency during pregnancy associated with fetal death in animals

Magnesium deficiency during gestation significantly increased neonatal mortality and morbidity. Such increases were associated with a reduced free magnesium concentration in both maternal and offspring blood and an increased incidence of periventricular hemorrhage and edema in newborn pups as observed by magnetic resonance imaging and histology. Animals fed a magnesium-deficient diet before mating but given magnesium supplementation during gestation did not demonstrate a significant change in neonatal mortality and morbidity when compared to control animals. The significant improvement in fetal outcome with dietary magnesium supports the concept of magnesium supplementation during pregnancy.

Low calcium, iron, zinc and magnesium associated with higher rate of miscarriage

Female rats received a control or a 50% mineral-restricted diet for 12 weeks, by which time mineral-restricted rats had lower plasma iron, zinc, magnesium and calcium concentrations. Following mating with control males, a third of the mineral-restricted dams were shifted to the control diet from parturition. RESULTS: Pregnant mineral-restricted dams had a higher miscarriage rate, and body weights of their pups at birth and weaning were lower.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15296486

Magnesium and Insulin Resistance

Magnesium deficiency leads to insulin resistance

Insulin secretion requires magnesium: magnesium deficiency results in impaired insulin secretion while magnesium replacement restores insulin secretion. Furthermore, experimental magnesium deficiency reduces the tissues sensitivity to insulin.

Insulin Resistance and Miscarriage

Diabetes causes magnesium to be lost via urine

Subclinical magnesium deficiency is common in diabetes. It results from both insufficient magnesium intakes and increase magnesium losses, particularly in the urine.

Magnesium can prevent insulin resistance associated with oral contraceptive use

Impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidaemia associated with oral contraceptive use may be prevented by increased dietary magnesium.

Magnesium and PMS

Low magnesium associated with premenstrual tension

Magnesium deficiency has been implicated as a possible causative factor inpremenstrual tension (PMT). We have assessed serum and red cell magnesiumconcentration in nine normal premenopausal women and 26 PMT patients, usingatomic absorption spectrometry. Mean red cell magnesium level was significantly lower in PMT patients. Red cell magnesium determinations should beincluded in the evaluation of PMT.

http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/34/11/2364