The concentration of ascorbic acid is reported to be much higher in human follicular fluid than in blood serum. This suggests that vitamin C may play a role as an antioxidant vitamin during folliculogenesis. After one cycle of Vitamin C (750 mg/day until positive pregnancy test) treatment, serum progesterone levels were significantly elevated in the treatment group but not in the control group (From 7.51 to 13.27 ng/mL in the treatment group vs. 7.95 to 8.73 ng/mL in controls). Nineteen patients (25%) in the vitamin C supplementation group and 5 patients (11%) in the control group became clinically pregnant. All pregnancies occurred in patients in whom the luteal phase defect resolved, whether spontaneously or as a result of vitamin C supplementation. We found that vitamin C supplementation caused improvement in 53% of luteal phase defect cases, whereas 22% of patients with luteal phase defect had spontaneous improvement.
http://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(03)00657-5/pdf
http://lifeissues.net/writers/feh/feh_15vitamin_c.html
Patients with both luteal phase defect [serum progesterone concentrations < 10 ng/ml during mid-luteal phase] and low corpus luteum blood flow were given vitamin E (600 mg/day) or L-arginine (6 g/day) as a potential nitric oxide donor. Vitamin E improved corpus luteum blood flow in 83% of patients and improved serum progesterone in 67% of patients. L-arginine improved corpus luteum blood flow in 100% of patients and improved serum progesterone in 71%. In the control group, who received no medication to increase corpus luteum blood flow, only 9% improved in corpus luteum and 18% improved in serum progesterone.
http://www.ovarianresearch.com/content/2/1/1
Vitamin C and vitamin E possess progesterone-like effect and act synergistically with progesterone on rabbit endometrium, when they were given together.
http://www.springerlink.com/index/n3xp3xt315458323.pdf
The beta-carotene supplemented goats depicted both the largest values for corpus luteum total number and serum progesterone levels, with no differences for volume corpus luteum between treatments. Results suggest a higher efficiency within the cellular-enzymatic groups defining the steroidogenic pathways in the beta-carotene supplemented goats, generating a larger progesterone synthesis. The last is essential for ovulation of healthy oocytes, maintenance of uterine quiescence, nourishment and survival of the embryo around implantation; all of them of paramount significance during the maternal recognition of pregnancy process.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00859.x/pdf
Dogs fed 50 mg of beta-carotene had significantly higher concentrations of plasma progesterone between d 12 and 26 compared with unsupplemented dogs. Dietary beta-carotene did not influence plasma estrogen and total uterine proteins. Therefore, beta-carotene is absorbed into plasma, corpus luteum, and uterine endometrium of dogs. Furthermore, dietary beta-carotene increased plasma progesterone concentrations during the menstrual cycle. It is possible that dietary beta-carotene may improve reproductive function in the canine.
http://jas.fass.org/cgi/reprint/78/5/1284.pdf
Vitamin B6 possesses progesterone-like effect but it does not intensify the action of progesterone. On the other hand, vitamin B12 and vitamin A exhibit no progesterone-like effect and do not affect the action progesterone when they were given together.
http://www.springerlink.com/index/n3xp3xt315458323.pdf
Administration of vitamin B6 at doses of 200-800 mg/day reduces blood estrogen, increases progesterone and results in improved symptoms under double-blind conditions.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6684167
After three months, the FertilityBlend (Vitex) group demonstrated a trend toward increased mean mid-luteal progesterone. After three months, 26% treated vs. 10% placebo were pregnant.
Endometrial thickness, serum progesterone and clinical pregnancy rate were significantly higher when additional oral phytoestrogen (Cimicifuga racemosa)(black cohosh) 120 mg/day was added to infertility treatment from days 1 to 12.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18413068
Selenium supplementation did not affect the length of the estrous cycle, but it did increase the concentration of plasma progesterone in the estrous cycle. These results suggest the possibility that selenium contributes to the progesterone production of corpus luteum.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9492375
Mean plasma progesterone concentrations were higher in cows fed flaxseed (high in omega 3's) and sunflower seeds (high in omega 6's) than in those fed saturated fatty acids.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18762721
Serum progesterone levels were positively correlated with protein intake and negatively correlated with percent carbohydrate in the diet.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15708782
The group measured salivary progesterone levels in 17 male volunteers at baseline and 24 hours later after consuming three servings of high-fat dairy foods (2 tablespoons butter, 2 ounces cheese, and a quart of premium ice cream) between morning and afternoon. The procedure was repeated a week later. Salivary progesterone increased 22 to 116 percent in all subjects both times after 24 hours of a high-fat dairy product diet. (Average progesterone in men is 0.181 ng/ml, while the average progesterone in a healthy early pregnancy is 32 ng/ml, so an additional 0.2 ng/ml is probably insignificant). Dr. Goodson said males were chosen because their normal concentrations of progesterone are lower and less cyclic than in females and hence an effect would be easier to measure. Because progesterone dissolves readily in fat, it should be absorbed more efficiently in high-fat products. Foods that were 70% to 80% dairy fat contained 175 to 300 ng/mL of progesterone (.175 to .3 mg/liter; oral progesterone is usually prescribed in 100 mg to 200 mg doses), they found. The amount of progesterone in 200 mL of ice cream would be approximately one-one-hundredth of a pharmacological adult dose of 2 mg.
http://www.docguide.com/news/content.nsf/news/852571020057CCF6852573B1007803AD
The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding allowance level on reproductive hormone secretion in early gestation gilts. Progesterone levels were the lowest in the high feeding group (fed 2x maintenance diet).
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18700853
Before and after a weight loss of at least 5% of initial body weight we analyzed LH, FSH, estrogen, prolactin, testosterone, DHEA-S, oral glucose tolerance test and progesterone, weight, BMI, waist/hip ratio and total body fat percentage. The mean weight loss was 9.5 kg, which represents a weight loss of 10.96% from initial body weight, with 26 patients (86.6%) resuming spontaneous ovulation. The women's mean plasma testosterone, LH, estradiol and DHEA-S decreased significantly and there was significantly increased on progesterone.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10544539
Increased body weight was associated with decreased progesterone levels, even in ovulatory women.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8712195
A significant negative correlation was observed between insulin and progesterone and between progesterone and LH concentrations, and a positive correlation was observed between LH and insulin. The study further demonstrated a significant enhancement in luteal progesterone concentration (4.9 ng/ml vs 16.97 ng/ml) in PCOS women treated with metformin. The results suggest that hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance may be responsible for low progesterone levels during the luteal phase in PCOS. The luteal progesterone level may be enhanced in PCOS by decreasing insulin secretion with metformin.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15517078
Twelve healthy postmenopausal women received 200-mg oral progesterone capsules once daily for 12 days or progesterone cream 40 mg twice daily for 12 days. At steady state (day 12 of each phase), whole-blood samples were collected over 24 hours (oral progesterone) or 12 hours (topical progesterone) and assayed for total progesterone concentration. No significant differences were found in dose-normalized 24-hour progesterone exposure comparing the cream to oral capsules (median AUC(0-24) 12.5 ng x h/mL vs 10.5 ng x h/mL, respectively). In light of the potential risks associated with long-term progesterone use, the authors question whether topical progesterone products should be available OTC.
http://jcp.sagepub.com/content/45/6/614.full
In infertility patients found to have mild or subclinical hypothyroidism, after treatment with 50-150 micrograms l-thyroxine daily for at least 4 to 6 weeks, elevated prolactin values significantly decreased in 9 out of 12 patients and testosterone levels slightly decreased in 5 out of 8 patients. An improvement of the cyclical ovarian function could be observed by the significant increase of the average progesterone concentration in the luteal phase. From these results we conclude, that mild hypothyroidism may cause ovarian insufficiency.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2511057