In this article " Sharing One Skin¨ by Jeannette Armstrong discusses some key differences of Okanagan views and practices of community, and practices of a dominant society. Armstrong emphasizes the importance of indigenous perspectives. The need for people to see and recognize their own role within the natural world.  She explains ¨ The Four Selves ¨ , physical self, emotional self, thinking intellectual self and spiritual self. The Okanagan have their four main powers that they use to work together to identify a whole person. She also talks about how indigenous rights must be protected, for we are the protectors of Earth. Land must be seen as real estate to be ¨used¨ and parted with if necessary. 

The article talks about the beauty of the western landscape and their names. How they are stratified with personal memories, ancestral teachings, mythic events and even colonial disturbances. The place names and the stories that are behind them define how people perceive and connect to the landscapes. Colonial places lack the deep connections whereas indigenous places always have a meaning to them. B. Toastie also talks about how a place named after settlers not only presents another problem but it gives power to the dead. In Western thinking a person is glorified when buildings or statues are named and made after them. When narratives do not align it creates a parallel meaning system. A story can persist. It will always be there no matter what and will be attached to the land as long as we remember the story.

In the story Joe Suina talks about how life was growing up and having to attend boarding school.  He first explains how he got close to his traditions. As time went on he eventually had to do things the white man way so that meant abandoning his culture and tradition. It had changed a lot of things for him. He got trouble for stuff he never thought he would get in trouble for. In the end Suina learned to do things the white man way in order to survive. 

The summary of this article talks about how the long-term results of separated or divorced parents can have a really big impact on children's health. This long-term study shows that most children never fully recover from trauma like this. Three decades of research show that children who live within nuclear families have a better physical, emotional, and academic well-being. All children and families are different but divorce can still affect every single one of them in some way. Children also tend to lose family traditions, friends, celebration and their daily routine. Boys and girls have different outcomes and the things they do can eventually affect them as they get older.  

In this article it talks about the divorce or separation negatively affecting the children. It can affect the children's academic performance and behavior over time. The timing of these kinds of things can vary the effects it has on children. With that these effects can diminish over time and also suggesting that children will adjust after the disruption. The research highlights that some of the short-term confusion from family disruptions is a bit more harmful than the long-term outcomes. However the children that are already facing those challenges could have effects that continue longer. 

With this article it talks about the overall impact of divorce/separation. The article reviews research on how separation/ divorce can affect a child's development at a young age. All children are not affected equally. For some it can be both physically and mentally but for others it can just be one. The outcomes depend on the different factors that they go through like parent conflict and the child's temperament. These studies also suggest that the key to minimizing the negative effects lies in the process of maintaining stability and reducing conflict. When you are able to do this children can easily adjust and the effects will not be so harsh on them. 

   The article explains how England handles child custody and parental responsibility during divorce under the Children Act 1989. This law focuses on the idea that children are best cared for within their own families without unnecessary involvement from the courts. The child’s welfare is the court’s top priority when making any decisions. It also outlines how parental responsibilityis determined. If the parents are married at the time of the child’s birth then both parents share the responsibility. If they are not together the mother automatically gets responsibility while the father has to legally obtain it. The act replaces the traditional terms like “custody” and “access” with more modern time concepts such as contact orders and residence orders. This article also highlights how the courts make decisions based on what will be best to support the children’s overall well-being. When issuing the orders, judges often consider factors like the child’s physical, emotional, and educational needs, the impact of any life changes, and whether the child has experienced harm. The court tries to avoid unnecessary intervention and only steps in when it benefits the children. While the Act does not directly address domestic violence, courts still have the authority to apply conditions to protect the child. Overall, the law emphasizes minimizing conflict and prioritizing stability and care in a child’s life during and after divorce.

In this article it explains that 50,000 to 60,000 children in Australia are affected each year by parental separation.  Divorce can have emotional, social, and educational effects on children. Children with this type of background often struggle with school preformance, behavior, and mental health issues. These issues can include anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. This research also shows that the children may expierence social problems and dfficulty forming relationships later on in life, and they are most likely to divorce as adults.  The article emphasizes that divorce itself is not always the main cause of thses problems. Conflict between parents and an unstable home environment often play a bigger role. Many children will eventually adjust if parents can provide communication, support and healthy co-parenting for the children. 

This article focuses on how child custody and guardianship is handled in New Zealand under the Guardianship Act of 1988. Especially in the situations involving high conflict, separation or divorce. It gives an explanation that “custody” refers to the physical care of a child while the “guardianship” involves legal authority over a child’s upbringing. When the parents cannot agree they turn to the courts for a decision. In some cases if the child is over sixteen or older they may have a say in the process. The courts have the authority to create custody and access orders making sure that both parents’ roles are considered while prioritzing the children’s needs. A major focus in the article is the children’s safety. The court must evaluate any claims of harm and cannot grnat custody to the violent indiviual. The article also highlights reforms aimed at creating more cooperative approaches like parenting plans to reduce conflict and promote stability for the children. The legal system emphasizes protecting children’s well-being while encouraging arrangements that support their physical and emotional security.