Revenue Terms
REVENUE TERMS
Revenue Terminology
Type of land
Type of Possession
Unit of measurements
Land & Revenue Records Terms used in India
--------------
Revenue Terminology
1. Khewat number : The number of owner of the land
2. Khatoni Number : The number of possesioner/ cultivator of land
3. Khasra number : The number of measurement of area in jamabandi
4. Kita number : The Number mentioning the khasra number in jamabandi
5. Mutation/rapat : Any entry regarding sale purchase or transfer of land
6. Vassiat : transfer of land through will
7. Hiba : transfer of land through gift
8. Billa : Devoid of/without
9. Hadbast number: Number of revenue village boundary
10. Mushqueel/ Murrabha/ rectangle: comprise of 25 Acres/bighas
11. Lal Dora: The boundary of inhabited village, within which ownership of land is generally through possession only.
Type of land
1. Chahi : Irrigated through wells/tube wells
2. Nahri : Irrigated through Canals
3. Barani : Rainfed
4. Gair mumkin : Non cultivable
5. Abadi : Inhabited
6. Banjar : Not cultivated from four cropping seasons
Type of Possession
1. Khud Kast : Self cultivated
2. Gair Marusi : Unauthorised possessioner (Kache mujahire)
3. Gair Dakhildar : Unauthorised permanent possessioner (pakkee mujahire)
4. Rehan : mortgage with possession
5. Aadrehan : mortgage without possession.
PUNJAB LAW REPORTER - 2021
Annual subscription Rs. 2800/-punjablawreporter@gmail.com / 9463598502
including
SCe@journal 2021
Supreme Court and High Courts
Full text with Headnotes through email / WhatsApp
Land & Revenue Records Terms used in India:
Aabi (आबी) – Land irrigated with means other than canal or well.
Abadi Deh (आबादी देह) – Inhabited Area of a village/ Abadi Deh refers to cultivable lands which are inhabited by the villagers.
Acre: Unit of measurement of land.
Ad-Rahin (आड रहन) – Mortgaged without possession.
Aks Shajra (अक्स शजरा) – Copy of Shajra.
Alamat : This term will appear during the entry of Shajra Nasb. This normally connotes a person’s characteristic. If an owner has alamat as ’Bandobasti Kabij’ then that means that the owner was also owner at the time of settlement. In case alamat is ’Baap Dada Jivit Hai’ then it means that the owner’s father/grandfather are alive. These alamat details are to be entered correctly as the processing & printing of Shajra Nasb depends upon this field information. For example, even if an owner’s father and grandfather are not alive but entered as alive then the box of the father and grand father will be depicted left to the owner’s box whereas if this alamat is not there and not filled then owner’s box will be exactly below the box of his father and father’s box will be beneath the box of owner’s grand father.
AnyRoR: Any Record of Rights Anywhere. Anyror is the online Land Record software of Gujarat State.
Awaal / Doaym / Soyam : Suppose A took loan from B and after mortgaging the land to B then B is known as Mortgagee ’Awwal’ if B further takes loan from ’C’ after keeping the land mortgaged as security, which he had taken from A. Then C will be known as Mortgagee ’Doyam’. If C further mortgage the land taken from B to D then D will be referred as Mortgagee ’Soyam’.
Awwal/ Doyam/ Soyam (अव्वल, दोयम, सोयम) – Suppose A took loan from B and mortgaged the land to B then B is known as Mortgagee ’Awwal’. If B further takes loan from ’C’ after keeping the same mortgaged land as security, then C will be known as Mortgagee ’Doyam’. If C further mortgages the land taken from B to D then D will be referred to as Mortgagee ’Soyam’.
Ba Hukam Adalat (बाहुकम अदालत) – By order of court.
Badastur (बदस्तूर) – Unaltered, as it is.
Badastur: Unaltered.
Bahissa Barabar (बहिस्सा बराबर) – Equal division.
Bai (बैय) – Whenever a person sells his land either completely or partially, to another person, this type of mutation is known as Bai or Sale.
Banaam (बनाम) – in the name of.
Bandobast (बंदोबस्त) – Bandobast or Settlement is a comprehensive term that covers all aspects of land survey & measurement, preparation of revenue records and assessment of land revenue.
Banjar Jadid (बंजर जदीद) – New fallow. Land not cultivated for continuous four harvests though it was cultivated earlier.
Banjar Jadid: New fellow (land not cultivated for continuous four harvests though it was cultivated earlier.
Banjar Kadim (बंजर कदीम) – Old fallow. Land not cultivated for continuous eight harvests though it was cultivated earlier.
Banjar Kadim: Old fallow (If continued to be uncultivated for next four harvests).
Banjar (बंजर) – Uncultivable land.
Banjar: Uncultivated land.
Barani (बरानी) – Dependent on rainfall.
Barani: Dependent on rainfall.
Bartan The TD rights or forestry rights of the villagers in revenue terminology are known as ’Bartan’.
Batai (बटाई) – Part/ Portion of harvest.
Baya (बाया) – Seller of land.
Bewa (बेवा) – Widow.
Bhulekh: Hindi word for Land Records in India. Read More.
Bhumidar: An individual who has the right to use land for purposes related to agriculture or farming.
Bigha: A measure of area (It is different in different areas).
Billa (बिला) – Devoid of, without.
Biswa: One twentieth of a bigha.
Biswansi: One twentieth of a biswa.
Chaharam (चहाराम) – One-fourth portion of harvest.
Chahi Mustar (चाही मुस्तार) – Irrigated from purchased water.
Chahi (चाही) – Irrigated from well.
Chak Tashkhish (चक तशखीश) – Land classification in a broader sense. If it is ’Parvati’ then it means that the village falls in mountainous area. In case if it is known, as ’Changar’ then it means that in the area in which village falls, irrigation is totally rain-fed. There are different land classifications based upon this land classification.
Chak Tashkhish : This term refers to land classification in a broader sense. If it is ’Parvati’ then it means that the village falls in mountainous area. In case if it is known, as ’Changar’ then it means that in the area in which village falls, irrigation is totally rain-fed. There are different land classifications based upon this land classification.
Chakautha (चकौता) – Land Revenue (Lagaan) in cash.
Chari: A kind of millet (g.v.) grown for fodder.
Chaukidar: Village Watchman.
Chkota: Lump grain rent or rent consisting of a foxed amount of grain in the rabi and kharif.
Conversion Factor : Conversion factor (ranges from 0.000 to 1.000) is specified to convert the local area unit prevalent in the village to the Metric System i.e. mentioned in terms of Hectares-Ares-Centares. When the local unit is multiplied with this conversion factor then the area in Metric system can be obtained. The reports sent to Government of India are firstly converted to the Metric system if local unit is different from the Metric system. If the local unit is Kanal-Marla then a kanal has 20 Marlas. If local unit is ’Bigha-Biswa-Biswansi’ then 20 Biswansi make up a Biswa and 20 Biswa make a Bigha. If local area unit is ’Meters--Decimetres’ (normally in the urban areas where khasra/plots are very small) then 100 decimetre make up a meter. In case, the local unit is ’Hectare-Ares-Centeres’, then 100 centare (equal to a meter) form an Are and 100 are form a Hectare. Therefore a hectare refers to 10000 metres of land.
Dehinda (देहिन्दा) – Gift Giver.
Dholi: Death bed gift or a small plot of land to a Brahmin.
Dittam Jamabandi: Dittam jamabandi is conducted by Tahasildar, immediately after the Annual Accounts of a village are completed by the Village Accountant as on 1st July.
Do Fasali (दो फसली) – Land which produces two crops per annum.
Dukhtar (दुखतर) – Daughter.
Fak-Ul-Rahin (Redemption deed of Mortgage) (फकुल रहन) – This type of mutation is reverse process of Rahin. Whenever a person who has mortgaged his land wants to get it back after paying dues to the mortgagee, the type of mutation is called Fak-ul-Rahin. It can be of two sub types. Verbal (through Roznamcha) or through Registry.
Fard (फर्द) – Jamabandi Nakal. A copy of land records of an individual or family containing name of owners, area of land, shares of owners and indicates cultivation, rent and revenue and other cesses payable on land.
Fard Badr (फर्द बदर) – To correct a mistake in the Revenue Records.
Field Book (फिल्ड बुक) – A book containing details of measurement of each field eg. Its length, breadth, diagonal detail and worked out total area.
Gair Marusi (गैर मौरूसी) – Unauthorised/ temporary tenant cultivator.
Gair Mumkin (गैर मुमकिन) – Uncultivable land.
Gair-Mumkin: Barren.
Garv (गर्व) – West direction.
Gerinda (गेरिन्दा) – Gift Taker.
Girdawar/ Kanungo (गिरदावर/ कानूनगो) – Supervisor of Patwaris.
Girdawar: Kanungo or Supervisor of Patwaris.
Girdawari – Harvest Inspection.
Girdawari: Harvest Inspection.
Gora Deh Bhumi (गोरा देह भूमि) – Land adjacent to a village.
Gosha (गोशा) – Corner.
Gosha: Corner.
Goth (गोत) – Gotra of family.
Green Zone: Area specifically reserved for green vegetation.
Group Number : During the execution of this software, you will often encounter the term ’Group Number’ not visible in the Jamabandi anywhere but software making abundant use of this term. The group number has been given to each owner who himself or along with other owners owns a specific proportion of land in the Khewat or who have same parentage. Group number will also refer to the owners in the different proportions even if their parentage is same. During the writing of Khatoni description also, sometimes group numbers are generated to show the groups of cultivators.
Guntha: Unit of measurement; 1 Gunta = 121 square yards = 101.17 square metres.
Haal (हाल) – Current, at present.
Hadbast (हदबस्त) – Serial Number of a village in a Tehsil.
Hadh (हद) – Seema.
Hamsheera (हमशीरा) – Sister.
Haqdar (हकदार) – Owner of land.
Hectare: A unit of measurement; 1 Hectare=2.47 acres.
Hibba (Gift): Whenever a part of complete land is gifted to some person, the mutation is called Hibba or Gift. The details of the person to whom land has been gifted are recorded.
Hibba (हिब्बा) – A Gift, Present. Whenever a part of complete land is gifted to some person, the mutation is called Hibba or Gift.
Hujur Jamabandi: Hujur Jamabandi is conducted by the Deputy Commissioner or by Asst.Commissioner any other officer appointed as such, between October to December, to verify and settle the village accounts of the previous year and to determine the Land Revenue and other dues for the current year. This is more or less an audit of last year’s account and partly inspection to see that the accounts of the current year are brought up-to-date. Read More.
Ikrarnama (इकरारनामा) – Mutual Agreement.
Intkal (इन्तकाल) – Mutation, recording change in ownership of land due to transfer by registered deed, inheritance, survivorship, bequest or lease, in the records of rights register of landholders as sanctioned by the revenue officer under his order or decision on a particular date.
Jadid (Completely Revised) Settlement (जदीद सनी) – Under this type of Settlement operation complete re-measurement is carried out with the help of survey equipment keeping in view the old Shajra and record.
Jadid (जदीद) – New.
Jalsa aam (जलसाआम) – A community gathering.
Jamaan (जमां) – Land Tax.
Jamabandi (जमाबन्दी) – Record of Rights (ROR) of a village. Jamabandi Register contains name of owners, area of land, shares of owners and other Rights. It also indicates cultivation, rent and revenue and other cesses payable on land.
Janib (जानिब) – Towards.
Janub (जनूब) – South direction.
Jawar: A kind of millet (Sorghum Val gave).
Jinsavar (जिंसवार) – A headman’s list of the crops of a village.
Jwar (ज्वार) – A kind of millet – Sorghum Vulgare.
Kalan (कलां) – Big.
Kalar (कालर) – Barren Land (Sour Clay).
Kalar: Barren Land (Sour Clay).
Kanal: A measure of area.
Kankoot/ Kan (कनकूत या कण) – Estimation of harvest produce.
Kanooni (Regular) Settlement (कानूनी सेटलमेंट) – The Regular Settlement is taken up where no previous record exists. On this Settlement, the complete measurement is done with the help of survey equipment and new record-of-rights is prepared for the first time.
Kanungo (कानूनगो) – Supervisor of Patwaris.
Kanungo: Supervisor of Patwaris.
Karam: Unit of Length.
Karguzari (कारगुजारी) – Progress Report.
Kashtkar (कास्तकार) – Cultivator.
Khaka (खाका) – Layout, Sketch.
Khaka Dasti (खाक दस्ती) – Hand Sketch
Khali Saal Tamam (खाली साल तमाम) – Land not cultivated for whole year.
Kharaba (खराबा) – Portion of crop which has failed to come.
Kharaba: Portion of crop which has failed to come.
Kharif (खरीफ) – Autumn harvest.
Kharif: Autumn harvest.
Khasra Girdawari (खसरा गिरदावरी) – Harvest Inspection Register that mentions land ownership, soil and crop details.
Khasra Girdawari: Harvest Inspection Register.
Khasra Number : The Khasra number is nothing but a plot number given to a specific piece of land in the village. Same way as one or more Khatonies form a Khewat, similarly one or more Khasra form a khatoni. The Khasra numbers in a khatoni may or may not be mentioned sequentially and once a khasra number has appeared in a khatoni, it can not figure in another Khatoni except in the case if the Khasra is ’Min’. But if it is min then it can not repeat in the same Khatoni. The Khasra numbers in a village are created once settlement of village starts. The settlement officials take village as a whole and on its map start from North East and give number to each and every plot in each direction and reach to North East direction again after giving number to each plot in all the directions. Khasra number may get divided due to sale, gift etc. during the mutation and is given a new number with denominator. For example, because of mutation, Khasra number 100 is divided into two parts then during mutation two divisions of this khasra i.e. 100/1 and 100/2 will be created and transaction takes place. Once all the mutations have taken place the rearrangement of Khasra i.e. numbering is done by Patwari. How this renumbering/rearrangement is done is explained below: Say in the village only 499 Khasras were there in the previous Jamabandi and two new khasra divisions i.e. 100/1 and 100/2 were created due to mutation. During reorganisation, Khasra number 100/1 will get number 500/100 and 100/2 will get Khasra number 501/100 and khasra number 100 will cease to exists i.e. the last Khasra number is incremented by one (that is 499 now become 500 and 501) and in the denominator Khasra number out of which the Khasra is formed is attached. This will be the case for all the Khasra divisions. New Khasra number generation takes into account the principal of ’First-In First-Out (FIFO)’ that is Khasra which got divided due to mutation number 5 will have precedence in getting new number over the khasra number which has been divided due to mutation number 10. To make the things further clear, let us say that khasra 100 was divided due to mutation number 5 and Khasra number 45 was divided into two parts (i.e. 45/1 and 45/2) due to mutation number 10. Then once the mutations are over and rearrangement of Khasra is undertaken, then new Khasra numbers are generated based upon the principal of ’FIFO’. Suppose last khasra in previous Jamabandi was 499 then new Khasra number will be 500/100, 501/100 (for khasra number 100) and 502/45 and 503/45 (For Khasra Number 45). So the example clarifies though the khasra number 45 is a number lesser than Khasra number 100 yet Khasra numbers generated out of 45 due to mutation number 10 will get next i.e. higher numbers.
Khasra (खसरा) – An area of land determined by a number called as survey number or khasra number in Land Records. Sometimes, Khasra Girdawari is also referred to as Khasra in short.
Khasra: A khasra is a legal agricultural document used in India that specifies land and crop details. Khasras traditionally detail “all the fields and their areas, measurement, who owns and what cultivators he employs, what crops, what sort of soil, what trees are on the land.”
Khata (खाता) – All land holdings that belong to an individual/ family.
Khata: Holding of tenant.
Khatauni Paimaish (खतौनी पैमाईश) – New Record of Right of land after bandobast/ chakbandi measurements.
Khatauni (खतौनी) – A document mentioning details of all land holdings of an individual/ family which cultivates the land.
Khatauni: A khatauni is an abstract based on the khasras of a village that lists out all the holdings of an individual or family in that village. In other words, all khasras that belong to a given individual will be listed in the khatauni of that individual.
Khatoni Number : As Khewat number refers to a set of owners, khatoni number refers to a set of cultivators in the same sense. This khatoni number is given to the cultivators in the Khewat and runs sequentially in the village starting from 1 to N. Each Khewat will have at least one khatoni or more khatonies but will appear in a sequence within the Khewat and in the village. The Khatoni number if in one sense shows the cultivators then in another sense will show who are the persons who have the possession of the Khatoni consisting of various Khasras in the Khewat. In still another sense it also shows who are the persons who are owners of various khasras in the khatoni. In the same way as in case of Khewat where owner may sell, gift or mortgage, same type of transaction also takes place in the Khatoni also. Before the things start confusing you, the example shown below would help you to understand this issue. Say, A, B & C are owners in Khewat number 5 and this Khewat has three Khatonies number 5, 6 and 7. In Khatoni number 5, it is written ’Kast Va Kabja Swayam’ and has got three khasras. Then this means that these three khasra are collectively possessed and cultivated by all the three owners mentioned in Col.4 i.e. Owners Details of Jamabandi. In the next khatoni i.e. Khatoni number 6 which say has one khasra and it is written ’A, B, C Hissadar Baya X Mustari Kast Va Kabja Swayam Mustari’. This description means that the Khasra in the khatoni number 6 has been sold by all the three owners collectively i.e. A, B & C to X who is the owner in ’Khana Kast’. This is because of the fact that owners A, B and C have sold a particular khasra number to X and X will be shown in khatoni number 6 as buyer and possession is also with X i.e. the purchaser. The purchaser will not get any Khewat number for the reason that khasra sold was earlier under the possession with all the three owners. Purchaser X will get another Khewat only when this Khewat number gets divided and shares are worked out based upon the area owned by each owner. Beneath the khatoni number, another number is written (underlined in computerised print) in red ink in the manually written Jamabandi) which shows the Khatoni number of current Khatoni in the previous Jamabandi. In the manually written Jamabandi this number is not shown. But once the mutations take place through this software and Khatonies are rearranged, then under each current Khatoni number, old Khatoni number would be shown as underlined. As explained under section 2.2, that in the manually written Jamabandi, sometimes a bata (denominator) is added to show the Khewat inserted in between. It is also true in case of Khatoni.
Khewat Number : The Khewat number normally referred as ’KHATA NUMBER’ by revenue officials is the account number given to owner(s) which form a set of co-sharers who own the land in same or different proportions. It therefore, can be understood as the account number given to various owners in the Khewat. The Khewat number in the Jamabandi runs sequentially starting from 1 to N. The Khewat Number may get changed in the next Jamabandi due to rearrangements i.e. same owners who were owners in some Khewat earlier may get another Khewat number in next Jamabandi. To clarify the things further, let us assume that there are 10 Khewats in a village and owners A, B & C were earlier in ownership of the Khewat 5 and did some transactions to a person say X who may be an owner in this village already or may appear in the Shajra and Jamabandi of the village due to this transaction for the first time. Now due to mutation(s), it may be the case that owners in Khewat number 5 sold complete land to X. If complete Khewat is sold and owner ’X’ already exists in the village, then all the land will shift to Khewat that belongs to X. In case owner ’X’ is a new owner and was not there in the Jamabandi earlier, then during mutation entry Khewat number 5 will cease to exist and instead Khewat number 5/1 will be given to ’X’. During final rearrangement / sequencing of Khewat number, then it may be the case that depending upon the caste/sub-caste of the Owner ’X’ now Khewat number 5/1 (Khewat created from 5) may get another number. The arrangement, which has been shown above is a simple one for the purpose of understanding but in real situations it may be more complicated one depending upon the nature and type of mutations taking place in the village. You may say if above is the case then what is the way to know the Khewat of owners in the previous Jamabandi. This can be known with the help of Khewat number written with red ink (in computerized print it is shown as underlined) beneath the current Khewat number. In case you see Khewat number 6 (in blank ink) and beneath that Khewat a number say 5 is written in red-ink, then you can simply assume that present owners of Khewat number 6 in the current Jamabandi were owners in Khewat number 5 in the previous Jamabandi. Sometimes, a denominator is attached to a Khewat number also. This happens because of the fact that during the writing of Jamabandi and arrangement of Khewat numbers, a Khewat is left inadvertently and has to be inserted in between. For example though there were 10 Khewats and Patwari tried wrote the details for 10 Khewat in sequence one after another but forgot to mention a Khewat in between. Such Khewat if is to be inserted after Khewat 6 will be given number 6/1 or if is to be inserted after 8 will be given number 8/1. Though this practice of writing Khewat number is wrong but there is no immediate solution available. A facility has been given to enter such Khewats also by giving additional field i.e. bata (denominator) for such Khewat number. However, after the mutations, once a new Jamabandi is prepared, such denominators will not be allowed. Above is true in case of khatoni number also. But for denominator of Khasra, there is specific meaning and it has been explained in the section 2.4 ’Khasra Number’.
Khewat (खेवट) – A list of an owner’s land holdings.
Khewat/Khatauni: A combined Khewat & Khatauni.
Khewat: A list of Owner’s holding.
Khewat–Khatauni (खेवट-खतौनी) – A combined Khewat & Khatauni.
Khud Kasht (खुद काश्त) – Cultivated by the owner himself.
Khurd (खुर्द) – Small.
Khush Hasiyat (खुशहैसियत) – In good shape.
Kilabandi (किलाबंदी) – Rectangular Measurement of land.
Killabandi: Rectangular measurement.
Kism Zameen (किस्म जमीन) – Type of land.
Kurki (कुर्की) – Impounding a property.
Lagaan (लगान) – Revenue/ Tax collected from the Tenant Cultivator.
Lagaan-e-Bilmukta Saal Tamam (लगाने बिलमुक्ता साल तमाम) – Pre-determined Net Annual Land Tax/ Revenue.
Lagan : In case the land is cultivated by other than the owner of the land, then the person cultivating the land is liable to pay something either is cash or kind to the owner or agreed based upon the mutual agreement between the two. The agreement between two parties is known as ’Lagan’. Sometimes if there is sale deed in the Khatoni, then the revenue will be mentioned in this column in that case.
Lal Kitab (लाल किताब) – Village Notebook, prepared at the time of settlement. The kitab has valuable information regarding crops grown in the estate, soil classification, area under different crops, land use, transfers in land, wells and other means of irrigation in the village and abstract of the livestock and cattle census in the village.
Lamaberdar: Village Headman.
Lambardar (लंबरदार) – Village Headman.
Latha Girdawari (लत्ता गिरदावरी) – Cloth copy of the Patwari’s field Map.
Latha Girdawari: Cloth copy of the Patwari’s Map.
Lavald (लावल्द) –
Mahaal (महाल) – Village.
Majkoor (मजकूर) – Current.
Malguzari (मालगुजारी) – Tax/ Levy on Land.
Malik (मालिक) – Land Owner.
Marla: Measuring of Area.
Marusi (मौरूसी) – Permanent Tenant Cultivator who pays revenue to the land owner.
Masri: A small pulse.
Mauza (मौजा) – Village.
Mauza Bechirag (मौजा बेचिराग) – Unpopulated Village.
Mauza: Village.
Mazrua (Krisht)/Giar Mazrua (Akrisht) : In case the land of khasra is such that it is possible to cultivate it either through man-made irrigation sources or through rainwater then land type is known as ’Mazrua’ otherwise it is known as ’Gair-Mazrua’. Under the ’Gair-Mazrua’ land classification one term is usually referred to, as ’Gair-Mumkin’ which specifies that anything constructed on it, is impossible to shift. For example, if a house is constructed on a piece of land, then the classification of that Khasra will be ’Gair-Mumkin Makan’ as it is impossible to shift the same house somewhere else.
Mend (मेण्ड) – Field Boundary.
Min & Salam : In the course of the implementation of Land Records Computerisation software you will often see the term Min/Saalam (feu / lkye) invariably. The ’Min’ means partially and ’Saalam’ means completely. If min is mentioned against an old Khewat/Khatoni/Khasra number then you can assume that the Khewat / khatoni / khasra under consideration is carved / formed out of the old Khewat / Khatoni / Khasra partially or transaction is taking place partially. ’Salam’ word refers to the fact that new Khewat / Khatoni / Khasra is formed out of the old Khewat / Khatoni / Khasra when same was transacted completely. In case the Khewat / Khatoni / Khasra is formed due to min transaction, then you will see ’Min’ besides the Khewat / Khatoni / Khasra. In case nothing is mentioned then you can very well assume that the Khewat / khatoni / khasra is ’Salam’, by default.
Min (मिन) – Portion / Part.
Min: Portion / Part.
Misal Haqiyat (मिसल हकियत) – Record-of-Right.
Misal Haqiyat: Record-of-Right.
Mortgagee : In case an owner takes loan from some individual or an institution with the security of his land then the deed is known as Mortgage deed and persons / institutions from which loan is taken are known as mortgagee. If mortgage takes place from one persons to another, then the mostly mortgage is with possession that is the mortgagee has the possession of the piece of land mortgaged and in revenue terminology it is known as ‘RAHIN’. If the mortgage takes place and loan is taken from some Government Institution, then the mortgage is without possession and it is known as ‘AD-RAHIN’
Mufasal Jamabandi (मुफसल जमाबन्दी) – Descriptive Jamabandi.
Mujaara (मुजारा) – Tenant Cultivator who pays revenue/ tax to the land owner.
Mukhtiarnama (मुख्तियारनामा) – License, Warrant.
Mukhtiarnama Aam (मुख्तियारनामा आम) – General License.
Mukhtiarnama Khaas (मुख्तियारनामा खास) – Special License.
Mundraza (मुन्द्रजा) – As written above, Ditto.
Murtahin (मुर्तहिन) – Mortgagee, loan provider for mortgaged land.
Musavi (मुसावी) – Original map, prepared for every revenue village at the time of settlement, showing position and boundaries of all fields.
Musavi: Mapping Sheet.
Mustari (मुस्तरी) – Buyer of land.
Mutation (म्युटेशन) – Transfer or change of title in the land records of the revenue department for the concerned property.
Mutation: Transfer or change in the ownership title.
Nahri (नहरी) – Irrigated from canal.
Naib-Tehsildar (नेब तहसीलदार) – The Deputy or Assistant of Tehsildar.
Naib-Tehsildar: The Deputy or Assistant of Tehsildar.
Nakal – A copy of land records of an individual or family containing name of owners, area of land, shares of owners and indicates cultivation, rent and revenue and other cesses payable on land.
Nambardar (नंबरदार) – Village Headman.
Nautaud (नौतौड) – Making uncultivable land cultivable.
Neelaam (नीलाम) – To sell through auction.
Nisafi (निसफी) – One-half portion of harvest.
Paimaish (पैमाईश) – Land Measurement.
Paimana Pital (पैमाना पीतल) – Brass Scale used to draw Musavi.
Panj Duvanji (पंज दुवंजी) – Two-fifth portion of harvest.
Parat Patwar (पडत पटवार) – Patwari copy of the new settlement record.
Parat Patwar: Patwari copy of the new settlement record.
Parat Sarkar (पडत सरकार) – Government Copy of the new settlement record.
Parat Sarkar: Government Copy of the new settlement record.
Pattanama (पट्टानामा) – Lease Deed. Whenever a piece of land is given on lease for a long period, the mutation is known as Pattanama.
Pattanama: Whenever a piece of land is given on lease for a long period, the mutation is known as Pattanama.
Patti : In the British regime a village was divided into number of patties/sections based upon the caste of the persons residing in that village. For example, Rajput used to dwell in a separate location, Brahimn in other and ’Shudras’ still in another location. These locations were known as ’pattis’. But after the independence, this classification was changed and at present refers to various cluster / hemlets in the village in which villagers reside in groups irrespective of their caste.
Patti/ Taraf/ Thola/ Panna (पत्ती/ तरफ/ ठोला/ पाना) – A community of Villagers based on clans, caste, sect, area etc.
Patwari (पटवारी) – A Village Accountant or Registrar responsible for preparation of revenue records. He measures land on the ground and prepares all the prescribed record, which is checked, verified and made final by higher officials.
Patwari: A Village Accountant or Registrar (A Government Authority responsible for maintaining land ownership records).
Percentage Collection of Land Revenue : The land revenue collection is normally done twice a year by the Govt. through Nambardar in such a way that land revenue collection is done half in Kharif and half in Rabi season. But sometimes it is done in different percentage proportion say 60% in Kharif and 40% in Rabi or as the villagers decide at the time of Permanent Settlement.
Pisar Mutbanna (पिसल मुतबन्ना) – Adopted Son.
Pisar/ Wald (पिसर या वल्द) – Son.
Plot: Small segment of land covered with green vegetation.
Professional Area of Village : The professional area of village is measured by the Survey of India organisation. And in all the Agriculture Census reports this area figures are mentioned. It has been observed that normally Patwari is not aware of professional area. If that is the case, then actual area mentioned in the village may be entered against this field where ever referred to.
Rabi (रबी) – Spring Harvest.
Rabi: Spring Harvest.
Rahin (रहन) – Mortgagor, one who mortgages his land. Whenever a land is mortgaged, completely or partially, to another person or party, mutation is of Rahin type. The deal can be either verbal or through Registry. The land can be mortgaged with or without possession.
Rahin Bakabza (रहन बाकब्जा) – Mortgaged with possession.
Rapat (रपट) – Mutation. Any entry regarding sale purchase or transfer of land.
Revenue Unit : On behalf of Govt., the Nambardar of a village collects land revenue and deposits the revenue in the Treasury. This service rendered by the Nambardar is a paid one. The rate of swai changes from time to time and at present it is 65% of total demand that is if demand is Rs. 1/- then swai will be 0.65 paisa and total revenue to be collected from the owner(s) will be Rs.1.65/-. Of this 65%, 30 is local rate and 35% is Nambardari that is the amount given to the Nambardar for this service.
Saalana (सालना) – Annual.
Sabik (साबिक) – Former, previous.
Sabik: Former.
Sakunat (सकूनत) – Place of Residence.
Salam (सलम) – Completely
Settlement (सेटलमेंट) – Settlement is a comprehensive term that covers all aspects of land survey & measurement, preparation of revenue records and assessment of land revenue.
Shajra (शजरा) – A Detailed Village Map that shows all fields with their khasra numbers and boundaries.
Shajra Kishtwar (शजरा किश्तवार) – An updated version of Musavi is called as Shajra Kishtwar. It is drawn up on a tracing cloth or tracing paper and is used by Patwari on day-to-day basis to update all changes in field boundaries occurring due to partition, sale etc.
Shajra Nasab (शजरा नसब) – A pedigree genealogical table showing succession to ownership rights occurring from time to time in an estate.
Shajra Parcha (शजरा परचा) – A piece of cloth on which the village map is drawn showing the position and boundaries of every field.
Shamlat (शामलात ठोला) – Shamlat land that belongs to a thola in a Village.
Shamlat (शामलात) – A land that belongs to a group or a community.
Shamlat Deh (शामलात देह) – Shamlat land that belongs to the Village.
Shamlat Panna (शामलात पाना) – Shamlat land that belongs to a Panna in a Village.
Shamlat Patti (शामलात पत्ती) – Shamlat land that belongs to a Patti in a Village.
Shark (शर्क) – East direction.
Shumal (शुमाल) – North Direction.
Sub-Division (सब डिवीज़न) – A sub division of a district.
Sub-Divisional Magistrate: In-charge of a tehsildar.
Sub-Divisional Magistrate (सब डिविज़नल मजिस्ट्रेट) – In-charge of a Sub-Division in a district.
Summary Settlement (समरी सेटलमेंट) – This type of Settlement is resorted to a temporary measure for a short period without the help of survey equipment. Only a KHAKA DASTI (Hand Sketch) is prepared till the regular Settlement is carried out. No presumption of truth is attached to a summary Settlement.
Tabadala (तबादला) – Tabadla or mutation of exchange is the mutation, when two owners decide to exchange their lands. It can Again be either verbal (through Roznamcha Waqaiti) or through Registry.
Tabadala: Tabadla or mutation of exchange is the mutation, when two owners decide to exchange their lands. It can Again be either verbal (through Roznamcha Waqaiti) or through Registry.The details recorded are similar as those in the previous case i.e. either through Roznamcha Waqaiti entry or through Registry.
Tabdeel Malkiat (तब्दील मलकियत) – This type of mutation is carried out after the settlement of dispute by some court. This is also known as decree by court (Ba Hukam Adalat).
Taccavi (तक्कावी) – Loan granted by a Government to landowner for agriculture purposes.
Taccavi: Loan granted by a Government to landowner for agriculture purposes.
Takseem (तकसीम) – Whenever there is a division of land in a joint holding, the mutation is known as Takseem or Mutation of Partition. The partition can be verbal among landowners or when court directs the partition.
Takseem Khanagi (तकसीम खानगी) – Partition of land by the family.
Takseem: Whenever there is a division of land in a joint holding, the mutation is known as Takseem or Mutation of Partition. The partition can be verbal among the landowners or when court directs the partition.
Taksim Ba Hukam Adalat (तकसीम बाहुकम अदालत) – Partition of land by order of court.
Tarmeem (Revised) Settlement (तरमीम सेटलमेंट) – Under this type of Settlement only amendments are carried out without resorting to any measurement.
Tarmeem (तरमीम) – Amendment, Revision.
Tatima (ततीमा) – Division of Plots.
Tatima Shajra (ततीमा शजरा) – Map prepared after division of plots, showing separate plots.
Teen Chaharam (तीन चहाराम) – Three-fourth portion of harvest.
Tehsildar (तहसीलदार) – In-charge of a tehsil.
Tehsildar: In-charge of a tehsil.
Tihai (तिहाई) – One-third portion of harvest.
Total Shares : In Column 4 of Jamabandi, in the very beginning, total shares are mentioned. These shares are in proportion to the total area of the Khewat. For example if there 100 shares mentioned and total area of the Khewat is 1000 meters then that means each share is worth 10 meters. (1000mts. / 100shares) Further each group shares are mentioned which are in proportion to the total area of the Khewat. For example there are three groups in the Khewat with respective shares as 10, 30 and 50. If in first group there are 2 owners then each owner will have 10 shares each and owns 100 meters of land. If in next group also there are two owners then each will own 15 share i.e. 150 meters of land each. In the third group there are 5 owners then each owns 10 shares which equivalent to 100 meters of land to each owner. So the total land comes out to be 1000mts.
Type of Holding : During the course of entering the khatoni details, there is a field known as ’Type Holding’. The type of holding will be ’Individual’ if the possession and ownership rests with the same family. In case the holding is owned by more than one family then the holding type will be ’Joint’. If both are not true for a holding then the holding type will be ‘Institutional’. This information is very important to understand and should be entered carefully as in Agriculture Census the information is analysed based upon this parameter.
Varsal (वरसाल) – A type of Mutation caused by either death or will of a person.
Virasat (विरासत) – Inheritance.
Waldiyat (वल्दीयत) – Father’s Name.
Walid (वालिद) – Father.
Walida (वालदा) – Mother.
Waris (वारिस) – Heir.
Waris: Successor.
Wasil Baqi Nawis (वासल वाकी नवीस) – Revenue Accountant in the Tehsil.
Wasil Baqi Nawis: Revenue Accountant in the Tehsil.
Wattar (वत्तर) – Diagonal Line.
Wattar: Diagonal Line.
Wazib_Ul_Arj & Peshani The customary rights of the village are shown in a report known as ’Wazib_Ul_Arj’. The attestation of these customary rights by the revenue officer in front of village and signature of villagers to whom the customary rights information is read is known Peshani.
Yard: Unit of measurement; 1 Yard = 0.9144 Meter.
Zamindar (ज़मींदार) – Land Owner.
Zamindar: Landowner.
Zone: Parts of a city or town categorized into segments some of which may be reserved for a specific purpose such as green zones.
Zoning Map: A map indicating the different zonal regions.
Zoning Ordinance: Rules and regulations governing a particular zonal area.
’SHAJRA KISTWAR’ : FIELD MAP : A field map for every revenue village is prepared at the time of the Settlement. The original map is called ’MUSAVI’. Its updated version is called ’SHAJRA KISTWAR’ and these are kept in safe custody in the Record Room. A wax copy called ‘MOMI’ is available in the Tehsil. All changes in field boundaries occurring due to partition, sale etc. attested in Mutation are entered from the Parat Sarkar Mutation onto the Momi. A copy on cloth called ’LATHA’ is kept and updated by the Patwari.
JAMABANDI : MUTATION REGISTER : All changes in title or interest are incorporated into the Jamabandi through attestation of mutation. The Patwari enters the mutations on the basis of a document/verbal information presented by the concerned parties for the change in title/interest on land. This information is first entered into the Patwari’s Diary (Roznamcha Wakyati) giving serial no. And date and then into the mutation register referencing the Roznamcha no. However, the final changes in the Jamabandi are made only after the Revenue officer has attested the mutation. The mutation form has 15 columns and every entry is given a Serial Number, which is called Mutation Number. This Mutation Number runs continuously from one settlement to another for each estate. The Mutation register is maintained by the Patwari and all entries are made in duplicate. The Patwari’s copy (PARAT PATWAR) contains the brief substance of the Revenue Officer’s order, while the other copy (PARAT SARKAR) contains the detailed order and is kept in the Tehsil in separate estate-wise bundles. Whenever a mutation is entered, the Patwari makes a note in the remark column of the Jamabandi in pencil giving the Mutation No. and type of mutation. When the mutation is attested, he makes the entry in Red ink, giving Mutation No., type and date of attestation. When the new Jamabandi is written, all the mutations accepted are attached to the new Jamabandi for cross-reference and an index sheet linking the mutations to the Khatas is placed in the Jamabandi.
JAMABANDI REGISTER : It is prepared quinquenially in duplicate for every estate on the basis of entries existing and changes recorded on the Mutation Register, Khasra Girdawari Register and Fard Badr over a period of 5 years. It is the document to which a presumption of truth is attached. The form of the Jamabandi has 12 columns and gives Khewat / Khatoni number-wise information of total holding of each owner of land in a particular revenue estate. It also indicates cultivation, rent and revenue and other cesses payable on land and constitutes an up to date record of various rights in land. The new Jamabandi is prepared by the Patwari and is attested by the Revenue Office in a public meeting of local villages. Two copies of the revised Jamabandi are prepared, one copy is filed to the District Record Room and other copy remains with the Patwari. All changes in title/interests of the revenue estate coming into the notice of Revenue Authorities are duly reflected in the Jamabandi according to set procedures.
KHASRA GIRDAWARI : It is a register of harvest inspections unlike the Jamabandi, which is Khewat-wise, the Girdawari, is Khasra-wise. The Patwari conducts a field to field harvest inspections every six months in the month of October and April. He records the plot-wise details regarding crop grown, land description and status of the cultivator This register is considered important as it acts as master file for the preparation of many returns and reports. This document is retained in the custody of Patwari for the period of 12 years after which it is retrieved from him and destroyed. No presumption of truth is attached to this record though entries in it are often used as evidence in courts. Changes in the tenancy however are made through mutations in view of Section 10-A on the Tenancy Act.
LAL KITAB : VILLAGE NOTE BOOK : Popularly known as "LAL KITAB" these are prepared at the time of settlement. The kitab has valuable information regarding crops grown in the estate, soil classification, area under different crops, land use, transfers in land, wells and other means of irrigation in the village and abstract of the livestock and cattle census in the village. The data is updated regularly through harvest inspections and revisions of other records, which are the main source of the data to this kitab. These Lal Kitabs are prepared at village, tehsil and district level and maintained in the Patwari Office, Kanungo and Sadar Kanungo respectively.
NAKSHA BARTAN : The forestry right popularly known as TD rights details is maintained in this document. This too is the part of Misal Hakiyat(Permanent Settlement). In subsequent Jamabandies, this information is not attached.
PARAT PATWAR: Patwari’s copy contains the brief substance of the Revenue Officer’s order. (refer to jamabandi)
PARAT SARKAR contains the detailed order and is kept in the Tehsil in separate estate-wise bundles. (refer to jamabandi)
Roznamcha Wakyati : Patwari’s Diary (refer to jamabandi)
SHAJRA NASB : Prepared in every estate at the time of settlement, it forms a part of record of rights. Shajra Nasb is a pedigree table showing succession to ownership rights occurring from time to time in an estate. It is revised after every five years along with Jamabandi and in the interval, changes occurring from time to time are reflected in the Patwari’s copy through suitable references. The Shajra Nasb also serves as an index for locating an owner’s accounts (Khata Numbers) in the Jamabandi. In the new Jamabandi owner’s accounts are arranged as per arrangement in the Shajra Nasb. The name of owner in the Shajra Nasb is arranged according to caste and sub-caste.
WAZIB-UL-ARJ : In this customary rights of the villagers are maintained. This information is attached at the end of the Misal Hakiyat(Permanent Settlement). In the subsequent Jamabandies this information is not attached.