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The Metric System SI:
The Metric System SI:
It is based on a decimal system (ie. powers of ten). Therefore, it simplifies calculations by using a set of prefixes
"milli" means 10^-3 or 0.001
"centi" means 10^-2
"deci" means 10^-1
"deca" means 10^1
"hecto" means 10^2
"kilo" means 10^3 or 1000
It is used by most other nations of the world, and therefore, it has commercial and trade advantage
The Imperial System:
The Imperial System:
Used in majority by the US
Much more complicated than the Metric System
The units come from body parts
Twelve inches = one foot
Three feet = one yard
Five and a half yards = one rod, pole or perch
Four poles = one chain
ten chains = one furlong
Eight furlongs = one mile or 5280 feet
Inches are divided using many "bases" 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16 1/32
Date formats also vary from country to country.
What is the date represented by 08/11//19?
Using the US standard date format, it would be August 11th, where in Canada, it might be November 8th
You need to know your formats!
RECORDING MEASUREMENTS
RECORDING MEASUREMENTS
When you RECORD MEASUREMENTS - you MUST conform to a standard FORMAT
When you put your measurements into Sketchup, you must use this format in order to produce accurately scaled models
IMPERIAL measurements are formatted into FEET followed by INCHES ie 8' 2"
There is a single space between the two units
Feet are denoted by an apostrophe '
Inches are denoted by a quotation "
When expressing a measurement in feet and inches, Inches should never be expressed >= 12
Fractions of an inch can be expressed as a decimal, or as a numerator/denominator
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
GOOD FORMAT:
83' 9 1/2" or
83' 9.5"
BAD FORMAT
80' 49.5"
82.21'
82' 211/2"
PRACTICE makes perfect!
PRACTICE makes perfect!
Open the following link, and use the game to familiarize yourself with imperial measurement
Leave the game set to use SIXTEENTHS
Look near the top for the measurement you're supposed to identify
You get up to THREE strikes
DON'T GIVE UP until you have achieved a score of 300 or better!
Click START NEW GAME when you're ready
Measurement Exercise
Measurement Exercise
Follow the instructions provided by your teacher and complete this exercise
MEASURING EDGES & ANGLES
MEASURING EDGES & ANGLES
A piece of woodworking stock has , EDGES and CORNERS
A FACE is a flat surface, like the front or top of a box.
An EDGE is a line along which two faces come together.
A CORNER is a "point" on a shape, a vertex where several faces (and edges) come together.
ROUGH STOCK is NEVER perfect
ALL STOCK must be "DRESSED" to ensure that the edges and faces are "SQUARE"
What is "SQUARE"?
What is "SQUARE"?
In most projects, it's important that your stock is properly DRESSED so that all faces are SQUARE to each other
Opposite Faces are parallel to each other
Adjoining Faces are at 90* to each other
These are also referred to as "RIGHT angles"
Framing Square
Combination Square
A "Square" is also a carpenter's tool with two edges meeting at 90* from each other used to trace or "scribe" perfect right angles. The first photo is a Framing Square and the next is a combination square.
What do these countries have in common?
Measurement is obviously CRUCIAL to the design process.
Imperial vs Metric - Most countries in the world use the Metric system (see graphic above - the only countries still using the Imperial system shown in Red)
There are two different systems of measurements in the industry
Metric SI
Imperial
Although Canada subscribes to the metric system for most measurements, we often use OTHER systems of measurement in specific industries:
Construction uses the Imperial system
ie. 1 yard = 3 feet
1 foot = 12 inches
Because it's a standard in the US,
Because it's a standard in the US,
We need to be able to measure using the IMPERIAL SYSTEM
We need to be able to measure using the IMPERIAL SYSTEM
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