Genetics, Inheritance, & Change-over-time
2020-2021
Essential Questions: What does DNA do? Why do whales have fingers? Why do life forms change over time?
Objectives
MS-LS4-2. (IS Chapter 2) - Apply scientific ideas to construct an explanation for the anatomical similarities and differences among modern organisms and between modern and fossil organisms to infer evolutionary relationships.
MS-LS4-3. (IS Chapter 2) - Analyze displays of pictorial data to compare patterns of similarities in the embryological development across multiple species to identify relationships not evident in the fully formed anatomy
MS-LS4-4. (IS Chapter 2) - Construct an explanation based on evidence that describes how genetic variations of traits in a population increase some individuals’ probability of surviving and reproducing in a specific environment
MS-LS4-6. (IS Chapter 2) - Use mathematical representations to support explanations of how natural selection may lead to increases and decreases of specific traits in populations over time.
MS-LS3-1. (IS Chapter 1) - Develop and use a model to describe why structural changes to genes (mutations) located on chromosomes may affect proteins and may result in harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects to the structure and function of the organism.
MS-LS4-5. (IS Chapter 1, 2) - Gather and synthesize information about the technologies that have changed the way humans influence the inheritance of desired traits in organisms.
Main Resources
A - The Code of Life Notes WS using DNA: The Code of Life PP (GAPS Login Required)
B - Notes Questions for Nova: Cracking your Genetic Code - MS-LS4-5
C - Genes and Inheritance Notes WS using Genes & Inheritance PP (GAPS Login Required)
H - Note questions for Great Transitions: The Origin of Birds (2015) 18:59 - hhmi.org
H - The Origin of Birds interactive - hhmi.org with Comparative Anatomy Worksheet
I - Notes Questions for The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch - hhmi.org
I - Phylogenetic Tree of Galapagos Finches
K - Embryo Activity - MS-LS4-3.
Warm-ups
Keywords
DNA
Nitrogen Bases (nucleotides)
Trait
Gene
Proteins (IS pgs. 11,14-17)
Amino acids
Chromosome
DNA Replication (IS pg. 12)
Mutation (IS pgs. 19-20)
Cancer (IS pgs. 21-23)
Tumor
Chemotherapy
Allele
Dominant
Recessive
Natural Selection
Artificial Selection
Gradualism
Punctuated Equilibrium
Adaptation
Homologous Structures
Cladogram
Out group
Common Ancestor
Parsimony/Ockham's Razor
Species (Is the definition specific enough to account for Grolars?)
Variation
Evolution
Scientific Theory
Overproduction
Letters correspond to the assignments above.
A - From the 2 video segments Kinesin protein walking on microtubule - youtube.com and A Day in the Life of a Motor Protein - youtube.com answer the following.
What does a motor protein do?
What are the following in a nerve cell?
Axon
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules
Synapse
A - For the following DNA strands, what nitrogen bases would pair to form the other strand of DNA?
CCGATAGGT
GTCGACTAG
TAACTGCAG
A - Using Journey into Human DNA - pbs.org interactive, summarize what you see in each of the 15 zooms.
A - Make mini-experiments by playing the Antibiotic Resistance Game - brainpop.com to answer the following questions.
What are bacteria?
What can we do to fight bacteria?
How come sometimes medicine we take for infections doesn’t work?
What is a “superbug”?
A - From the website National Cancer Institute: Common Cancer Types - cancer.gov:
List at least 4 common types of cancer.
Research one of the common cancer types to find out:
How common is it?
What is it?
Where in the body does it occur?
What increases or decreases the chances of getting it?
B - For the following DNA strands, what nitrogen bases would pair to form the other strand of DNA?
TTAGCGTAC
GACGTCATG
GTACGCTAA
B - Research some genetic testing options. (Search Terms: Genetic Testing, DNA Ancestry, Genetic Genealogy)
What are some of the kits you can buy?
What is the primary purpose of each?
Would you want to get your genome tested with one of these kits? Why or why not?
B - Do you have any concerns about DNA testing after watching the Trailer for Gattaca?
B - Summarize one of the sections from: Eugenics Interactive - www.dnai.org/e/
C - For the following DNA strands, what nitrogen bases would pair to form the other strand of DNA?
ATAGGCCAG
GCGGAATTC
TAGGACTAT
C - Look at the Observable Human Characteristics - learn.genetics.utah.edu to find some genetic traits you may have.
C - If you were to breed a pet, what would it be and what traits would it have?
C - Popped Secret: The Mysterious Origin of Corn — HHMI BioInteractive Video
Describe the process of artificial selection and how it differs from natural selection.
Describe how scientists use DNA sequences to estimate when populations diverged.
Explain why changes in just a few genes can have a dramatic effect on traits.
C - Answer the following questions after watching Cloning ethics still murky 20 years after Dolly - youtube.com .
What are some of the concerns that have been raised by cloning?
How has overall public opinion changed over time?
What is your opinion about human clones?
C - Why might the Cavendish Bananas we eat go extinct? How has artificial selection produced this problem? What are possible solutions?
E - Use the RNA: The Versatile Molecule - learn.genetics.utah.edu interactive to compare RNA to DNA on a Venn diagram.
E - Watching the video Amoeba Sisters - Protein Synthesis, describe how a cell goes from DNA to protein in 5 or 6 steps.
E - For the following DNA strands, what nitrogen bases would pair to form an RNA copy? (remember RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine)
GGCTATCCA
CAGCTGATC
ATTGACGTC
E - 4 Questions about RNAi. (2005) 15 mins - pbs.org
G - Do you think hybrid animals should be considered a new species?
H - From the video: Finding Home: A Sea Turtle's Life Cycle Explained (also The Survival of the Sea Turtle - Ted Ed, Sea Turtles: The Lost Years )
What is the life cycle of a sea turtle?
I - Answer the following questions from the 7 minute video - Cladograms - Bozeman Science.
What is a Cladogram?
What is an outgroup?
What is a common ancestor?
What is Ockham's Razor/Parsimony?
I - From the video clip Things You May Not Know About Evolution, list 4 things you did not know. (Mole Rats 2:40)
I - Look at the different beak structures on IS page 51. Match the finch to the type of food you think it eats by information in the names and beak structure:
Finch
Vegetarian tree finch
Cactus ground finch
Medium ground finch
Small tree finch
Food
A. Hard seeds and nuts
B. Insects
C. Berries
D. Cactus
Websites
Genetics & Heredity
Learn Genetics - learn.genetics.utah.edu - Primer on genetics and cell biology with interactives and videos.
Build a DNA Molecule - Interactive
Transcribe and Translate a Gene - Interactive: Make an RNA copy of a section of DNA and then produce Amino acids to make a protein.
Types of Proteins - interactive
RNA: The Versatile Molecule - Interactive comparing RNA to DNA.
Alleles and Genes - PTC, genotype, and phenotype. *
Multiple Alleles (ABO Blood Types) and Punnett Squares - Type O universal donor, AB universal receiver, RH factor *
Stated Clearly - statedclearly.com
What is DNA and How Does it Work? - DNA-RNA-amino acids-protein
What is a Chromosome? - Chromosomes and mutations.
DNA
DNA from the Beginning - dnaftb.org - An animated primer of 75 experiments that made the field genetics.
Genetics Home Reference - nih.gov - Specific information about each human gene and various genetic conditions.
Genes vs. DNA vs. Chromosomes - Instant Egghead #19
DNAanatomy - johnkyrk.com - Animations of DNA and its replication.
Build DNA - explorelearning.com - Gizmo model for DNA.
Your Amazing Molecular Machines - youtube.com - Understandable narration of Drew Berry's animations.
DNA animations by wehi.tv for Science-Art exhibition - youtube.com - Drew Berry Animations
The Science of Picky Eaters (2009) 12:45 mins - pbs.org
Inheritance
Punnett Square Virtual Lab - glencoe.com *
Genetics - INQ-ITS Virtual Labs *
Diversity of Traits - INQ-ITS Virtual Labs *
Genome
Extract Your DNA! - pbs.org - NOVA DIY for seeing your own DNA!
Cracking the Code of Life. (2001) 113 mins - pbs.org - Sequencing of human genome.
Journey into Human DNA - interactive
Sequence DNA for Yourself - interactive
Mutations
Nova: Cracking your Genetic Code - pbs.org - Possibilities and pitfalls of genetic testing. note questions
Four DNA Tests - Interactive
TED-Ed
Two-Thirds of All Cancers Are Caused by One Thing: Your DNA - youtube.com
RNA
RNAi. (2005) 15 mins - pbs.org - RNAi. (2005) 15 mins, NOVA. Fun analogy of how DNA and RNA work together to create proteins and the discovery of interference RNA.
Epigenetics
What is epigenetics? - Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna - youtube.com - TED
Stem Cells Breakthrough. (2008) 14 mins - pbs.org
Epigenetics (2007) 15 mins - pbs.org
Epigenetics - learn.genetics.utah.edu - Videos and interactives.
SciShow: Epigenetics - youtube.com
Amoeba Sisters: Epigenetics - youtube.com
Blood Typing
Multiple Alleles (ABO Blood Types) and Punnett Squares - Youtube.com *
Genes and Blood Type - learn.genetics.utah.edu *
The Blood Typing Game - nobelprize.org - Direct link. - video (3 mins) *
Artificial Selection
Popped Secret: The Mysterious Origin of Corn — HHMI BioInteractive Video *
Dmitry Belyaev and Fox Experiments - youtube.com *
Design Your Own Baby: Patent Granted - youtube.com *
Cloning
1996: Dolly the sheep cloned - youtube.com *
Clones of Dolly the Sheep Age Well - youtube.com *
Cloning ethics still murky 20 years after Dolly - youtube.com *
How Close Are We to Resurrecting Extinct Species? - youtube.com
Genetic Engineering
Eyes of Nye - GMO foods - youtube.com *Why are GMOs Bad? - youtube.com *
GMO's Socratic Seminar Sources *
Should we grow GM crops? - pbs.org * - Skip to the 12 arguments for and against
Pros and Cons of Genetically Modified Foods - healthresearchfunding.org *
A Tale Of Two Seed Farmers: Organic Vs. Engineered - npr.org with audio from the radio show All Things Considered. (White Packet) *
GMO grass that 'escaped' defies eradication, divides grass seed industry - oregonlive.com (Yellow Packet) *
Main Questions
Should genetic engineering be allowed outside of medical uses?
Should GE crops be allowed in Willamette Valley?
How should we protect non-GE crops?
How should we deal with super-weeds?
Related Questions:
Should GE food be labelled as such?
Can GE companies be trusted to be reasonably responsible?
Can the government be trusted to properly regulate GE food and crops?
Classification & Evolution
The Majestic Grolar Bear - SciShow - Hybrid species.
Evolution 101 - evolution.berkeley.edu - Evolution 101 gives you the basics from Berkeley.
Great Transitions: The Origin of Birds (2015) 18:59 - hhmi.org -
The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch - hhmi.org -
Untamed Science - untamedscience.com - Short videos about various subjects in biology.
A Fish with Red Lips Untamed Science™
LIfe - An Autobiography (Biodiversity Rap) - youtube.com - Rap covering natural history. Amazing!
OLD
In your packet, complete and turn-in to Google Classroom:
In your packet, complete and turn-in to Google Classroom:
In your packet, complete and turn-in to Google Classroom:
Read Darwin's Theory
Read Theory 1 and 2
Answer Questions
In your packet, complete and turn-in to Google Classroom:
In your packet, complete and turn-in to Google Classroom
Complete:
Artificial Selection Reading & Questions
Create a Designer Organism through Genetic Engineering and Artificial Selection.
Complete Zork Genetics using the Zork Genotypes and Phenotypes table.