Article 251 - The Architecture of the Anthropocene Ecosystem Energy Flow

The Architecture of the Anthropocene Ecosystem Energy Flows

Background

The Universe is the current state of an energy of a singularity in a minimum density field of potential converting energy into mass and back into energy.

Since information in any closed system cannot be lost the singularity can only expand to decrease its energy density and allow it to reproduce again within its own minimum density field of potential.

The universe; singularity; is an energy into mass into energy recycling system.

There is a natural flow of energy into mass into energy through the Universe.

There are natural biospheres and ecosystems created out of this energy flow.

There are artificial Anthropocene biospheres and ecosystems created by human beings using a forced flow of the natural energy systems.

The Architecture of the natural biospheres and ecosystems is known and described.

The Architecture of the Anthropocene biospheres and ecosystems is not yet defined.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocene

Proposal

This essay proposes an Architecture for the Anthropocene ecosystem energy flows of the Earth.

Method

The essay first determines the nature of the Architecture of the Natural Energy and Anthropocene Energy Flows.

Data is then assembled and compared in a spreadsheet for the Natural mass to energy equivalence flow at a Universal Scale, Galaxy Scale, Solar System Scale, Sun Scale, Earth Scale, Country Scale, Seasonal Scale, Hemisphere Scale, Land Use Scale, Population Scale and Population per Hemisphere Scale.

This data and the results obtained are indicated in the yellow bar on the spreadsheet.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy_equivalence

Data is then assembled and compared in the same spreadsheet for the Anthropocene energy flow per country from a Sun Scale, Earth Scale, Country Scale, Seasonal Scale, Hemisphere Scale, Land Use Scale, Population Scale and Population per Hemisphere Scale.

Totals are then calculated.

Results are then examined.

Conclusions are then drawn.

The spread sheet is attached to this essay.

References are included in the text and at the end of the essay.

The Architecture of the Natural Energy Flow

There is an observable Universe. This contains all of the matter; and so mass; that can be observed from Earth. The energy of the mass of the Observable Universe can be calculated and given the value of 100% of mass energy equivalence.

The observable universe is not an accessible mass or energy reserve. The mass; energy; within it is only visible at the maximum speed of light in a pure vacuum.

All of the detectable mass has already been converted into energy over the timescale the observable universe took to form.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observable_universe

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-046

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-136---eyes-that-see-the-past

Source:https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-145---the-universal-delay-to-human-sensing-and-forming-of-reality

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-155---the-4d-hologram-of-reality

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-201---the-architecture-of-the-already-complete-universe

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-222---the-unavailable-and-available-energy

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-241---the-human-sky-box-limit

There is a galaxy; the Milky Way; within which humans exist. The energy of the mass of the Milky Way Galaxy can be calculated and given the value of a percentage of the total mass energy equivalence.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way

There is a solar system of which the Earth is a part. The energy of the mass of Solar System can be calculated and given the value of a percentage of the total mass energy equivalence.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System

There is a star; the Sun; around which the Earth; and solar system orbit. The energy of the mass of Sun can be calculated and given the value of a percentage of the total mass energy equivalence.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun

There is the Earth, the planet on which humans exist. The energy of the mass of Earth can be calculated and given the value of a percentage of the total mass energy equivalence.

The Earth and the Sun have a natural renewable energy flow relationship.

The Earth orbits the Sun over 365 days. 1 year.

The axis of the Earth passes through the North and South Poles. The axis of the Earth is tilted at 23.4 deg. This allows the Earth to always tilt the same direction relative to the Sun.

The Earth rotates around its axis in 24 hours. 1 day. Day time is when one side of the Earth faces the Sun. Night time is when one side of the Earth faces away from the Sun.

As the tilted Earth orbits the Sun and rotates on its own axis different parts of each hemisphere face the Sun at different times of the day and year. As the Sun appears over the horizon each morning when viewed from the Earth it appears to move in an arc from East to West and then disappear below the horizon at the end of each day. The Sun also varies in height over this arc depending on what latitude the viewer is located at, what time of day it is and what day of the year it is.

The amount of time the Sun appears above the horizon and the higher it moves in the sky dictates the amount of solar radiation any location on Earth receives per day.

The orbit of the Earth, its axial tilt and the energy variation over a year form variations from high energy, hot temperatures on Earth to low energy, cold temperatures on Earth.

These energy variations are referred to as seasons. The seasons in the northern hemisphere are the same. The seasons in the southern hemisphere are the same. The northern seasons are the opposite of the southern seasons. The equatorial zones have varied seasonal temperature patterns.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_orbit

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_tilt

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Season

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latitude

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude

Source: http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/kids/games-quizzes/sun/san3.html#

The Natural Biosphere of the Earth is the naturally evolved global ecological system. The ecological system integrating all life and non-life and their relationships, interactions. It is self- regulating. It is the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and geosphere. It has evolved from energy into mass into non-living chemicals and then living chemical systems constantly from 3,500,000,000 years ago.The Natural Biosphere is created, re-created and varied by the orbit, axial tilt and seasonal temperature variations of the Earths natural renewable energy relationship to the Sun.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere

The Natural ecosystems of the Earth form the non-living and living parts of the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and geosphere.

Each ecosystem has abiotic and biotic systems in it.

Abiotic systems are non-living and chemical parts of the ecosystem that interact with life forms.

Biotic systems are life forms that are producers, consumers and decomposers.

Producers; autotrophs; convert the energy form the Sun using photosynthesis; the transfer of sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into energy or other energy sources such as hydrothermal vents; into food.

Consumers; heterotrophs; consume producers, and consumers, for food, for energy.

Decomposers; detritivores; break down producers and consumers and their products into chemicals for energy.

The abiotic systems are recycled and replenished over geological timescales.

The biotic systems are recycled and replenished over yearly seasons.

The Earth ecosystems are predation systems to recycle energy.

The oldest and largest energy store of the Suns previous energy is in in chemical form such as Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Water Vapor, Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, and Ozone fixed into rocks, minerals and life forms. These chemicals are fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal.

The greenhouse gases in the Earth atmosphere also absorb and emit the Suns radiation. These change the amount of radiation being absorbed by the Earth’s surface and so change its temperature. Over yearly seasonal timescales. Without greenhouse gases, the average temperature of Earth's surface would be about −18 °C (0 °F),rather than the present average of 15 °C (59 °F). (N.B. Currently the average indicates 18.55 deg. C)

The Natural ecosystems of the Earth systems are created, converted and stored by the Earths renewable energy relationship to the Sun.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiotic_component

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotic_component

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_fixation

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas

The Natural Biosphere of the Earth has operated as an energy recycling system with the Sun for 4,540,000,000 years.

The energy recycling ecosystems of the Earth also have cycles and timescales.

The Carbon Cycle takes approx. 200,000,000 years to complete.

The Water Cycle takes approx. 13,000 years to complete.

The Phosphorus Cycle takes 80,000 to 100,000 years to complete.

The Nitrogen Cycle takes approx. 1,988,000 years to complete.

The Hydrogen Cycle takes approx. 8 years to complete.

The Sulphur Cycle approx. takes less than a year to complete.

All of the above cycles also have slow geological timescale recycling durations.

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-243---the-human-effects-on-the-natural-cycles-of-the-earth and associated refs.

Humans are created, altered and recycled by the total Natural Biosphere. They are a chemical density within it. Their purpose; as a chemical density; is to interact with the other natural ecosystems and deplete them to survive and so recycle energy. In turn humans are depleted to renew the total Natural Biosphere energy of the Earths natural renewable energy relationship to the Sun.

The Architecture of the Anthropocene Energy Flow

The Nature of the Architecture of both the Natural and Anthropocene ecosystems is to process energy into mass and back into energy through a process of depletion.

The Nature of this Architecture creates an energy predation system. This operates on the survival of the fittest life forms; those that obtain, convert and store energy or mass into energy over the most efficient timescales.

Humans have achieved this survival of the fittest energy system by adding additional Anthropocene; artificially evolved, designed, forced; energy depletion ecosystems over the Earth to survive more efficiently as the human population increases over the same land, environment, resource and energy area.

The natural renewable energy relationship between the Earth and the Sun has been gradually accelerated by human evolution in the last 10,000 years, by agricultural and industrial artificial evolution; design; over the last 350 years by global fossil fuel use over the last 250 years and by a population increase of 7,462,964,280 people in 12,106 years since 10,000 BC.

These Anthropocene activities, energy depletion ecosystems have forced the Earth to try and process energy beyond the natural cycles capability. The result is environment, resources and energy depletion at an accelerated rate, increased temperatures, seasonal variations, global warming and climate change.

This trend currently threatens human existence on Earth.

Humans are threatened by their own nature as an energy-chemical predation density trying to become the fittest energy system recycler.

Human activity has now become the dominant influence on climate and environment. It has created its own geological time period in Earth history. The Anthropocene.

The Anthropocene is ‘viewed as the period during which human activity has been the dominant influence on climate and the environment’ above abiotic, biotic and natural geological processes.’

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-242--the-architecture-of-climate-change-10-000bc-to-2016

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-243---the-human-effects-on-the-natural-cycles-of-the-earth and associated refs.

Source:https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-244--the-green-house-gas-architecture-of-the-uk-1715-to-2018

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-248--the-loss-of-occupations-in-the-uk.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocene

Results.

The results are presented on the attached spreadsheet.

Universal Scale.

The Universal Energy Flow is examined first. The data and the results obtained are indicated in the yellow bar on the spreadsheet.

Universal Scale. 2.07E+52 W. 100% of Total Energy.

Galaxy Scale. 1.27E+42 W. 6.11E-11% of Total Energy.

Solar System Scale. 1.31E+30 W. 6.33E-23% of Total Energy.

Up to this Scale the energy depletion is extreme but it has occurred over eons and geological timescales and outside human Anthropocene influence. From this scale down to a human population scale the energy flow can be considered both natural and human Anthropocene influenced.

Sun Scale. 1.24E+30 W. 5.99E-23% of Total Energy.

Earth Scale. 3.78E+24 W 1.83E-28% of Total Energy.

Country Scale. . 3.78E+24 W 1.83E-28% of Total Energy. Dropping to 1.34E+17 W. 6.47E-36%

Northern Hemisphere Scale. 7.79E+16 W. 3.79E-36%

Equitorial Zone Scale. 2.28E+16 W.1.10E-36%

Southern Hemisphere Scale. 3.30E+16 W. 1.61E-36%

The energy flow from a Sun Scale to a Hemisphere Scale reduces only slightly when compared to the previous universal energy scale. However it does take place over a lesser geological timescale.

Life has been on Earth for 3,500,000 years. In that geological timescale it has evolved within the energy cycle ability of the Earth.

Humans have been on Earth in their current evolution form for 200,000 years. In that time they have created their own geological time period the Anthropocene.

Human influence can therefore be inferred from the areas of human influence over a 200,000 year timescale and given energy values based on the solar irradiance per km2 of land area and land use for each type of human activity.

Urban Land Use Scale. 1.34E+16 W. 6.46E-37%

Rural Land Use Scale. 1.09E+17 W. 5.27E-36%

Agriculture Land Use Scale. 4.93E+18 W. 2.38E-34%

Forest Land Use Scale. 3.98E+18 W. 1.92E-34%

Population Scale. 7.17E+09 W. 3.46E-43%

Population per Northern Hemisphere Scale. 3.14E+09 W. 1.52E-43%

Population per Equitorial Zone Hemisphere Scale. 1.90E+09 W. 9.18E-44%

Population per Southern Hemisphere Scale. 2.04E+09 W. 9.83E-44%

The Anthropocene influences increase the further the land area of the Earth; as a solar irradiance collector; is divided up.

Solar Scale

Sun Scale

Sun Scale1.24E+30 W. 100% of Total Solar Energy.

Sun Scale at the top of the atmosphere. 1.36E+09 W. 1.10E-21% of Total Solar Energy.

Sun Scale at sea level total solar irradiance. 1.00E+09 W/km2. 8.06E-22% of Total Solar Energy.

There is a large natural drop in energy from the Sun arriving at the surface of the Earth.

Earth Scale

The Earth has a Total Surface Area of 510,100,000 km2.

The Earth has a Total Land Area of 148,326,000 km2.

The Earth has a Total Desert Area of 48,947,580 km2.

The Earth has a Total Ocean Area of 361,900,000 km2.

Earth Scale solar irradiance over total Earth surface area. 5.10E+17.W. 4.11E-35% of Total Solar Energy.

Earth Scale solar irradiance over total land area of Earth. 1.48E+17 W/km2. 1.20E-13% of Total Solar Energy.

Earth Scale solar irradiance over total desert area of Earth. 4.89E+16 W/km2. 3.95E-14% of Total Solar Energy.

Earth Scale solar irradiance over total ocean area of Earth. 3.62E+17 W/km2. 2.92E-13% of Total Solar Energy.

Earth Scale solar irradiance over total polar caps area of Earth. 2.66E+16 W/km2. 2.15E-14% of Total Solar Energy.

Earth Scale solar irradiance at an Earth mass scale level 3.78E+24 W. 1.83E-28% of Total Solar Energy.

Earth Scale solar irradiance at the total biosphere mass scale level 3.26E+15 W. 1.57E-37% of Total Solar Energy.

Earth Scale solar irradiance at the total atmosphere mass scale level 4.19E+18 W. 2.02E-34% of Total Solar Energy.

Earth Scale solar irradiance at the total lithosphere mass scale level 1.11E+23 W. 5.36E-30% of Total Solar Energy.

Earth Scale solar irradiance at the total hydrosphere mass scale level 1.10E+21 W. 5.31E-32% of Total Solar Energy.

Earth Scale solar irradiance at the total geosphere mass scale level 3.87E+24W. 1.87E-28% of Total Solar Energy.

There are large natural drops in energy from the Sun arriving at various locations on the surface of the Earth.

The ecosystems are also interdependent on the total solar irradiation.

The natural ecospheres of the Earth are extremely variable depending on the land area and hemisphere location.

Human Anthropocene artificial ecosystem overlays onto these natural collectors of energy accentuate the natural conditions and so improve human survivability.

Country Scale

There are 195 recognized countries on Earth from 2016 records.

These occupy a land area of 134,007,554 km2.

This is 26% of the total surface area of Earth.

This equates to Humans occupying 90% of the total land area of Earth.

The total land area available to collect solar irradiance and so allow natural ecosystems to form and exchange energy or to allow Anthropocene ecosystems to form and exchange energy at a faster rate; on Earth can be related to a solar irradiance at surface level of 1.00E+09 W/km2.

A total solar irradiance for all countries can be established as 1.34E+17 W/km2. 1.08E-13% of total solar irradiance energy.

Data relating to the top 10 Anthropocene artificial predation ecosystems can be identified and examined.

Top 10 Countries

The Top 10 Countries in terms of magnitude of land area can be established as.

Russian Federation, China, U.S.,

Canada, Brazil, Australia, South Sudan, India, Argentina and Kazakhstan.

The Top 10 countries; by land area; occupy a total land area of 73,227,608 km2.

This is 49% of the total land area.

The Top 10 countries; by land area; have a total population of 3,512,247,904 people.

This is 47% of the total human population in 2016.

The Top 10 countries; by land area; have access to a total natural and Anthropocene solar irradiance energy of 7.32E+16 W/km2.

The Top 10 countries by land area have access to a total natural and Anthropocene solar irradiance of 55% of the total solar irradiance energy of all 195 countries.

This is however only 5.91E-14 % of the total solar irradiance energy for the Earth.

Humans; and life as ecosystems; operate on a very small energy flow when compared to the total energy flow for the Earth from the Sun.

This indicates that the influence of major Anthropocene depletions of environment, resources and energy brought about by increasing populations and land use will have a major effect on any natural ecosystems. Once the natural systems are influenced the Anthropocene artificial predation ecosystems will be altered and have an increased limited sustainability.

The effects of this depletion can be traced through the top 10 countries available solar irradiance energy over their land area and their electricity consumption per year.

Of the 195 countries examined.

25 have exceeded their annual solar irradiance energy input.

14 are above 50% but below 100%of their natural solar irradiance energy input.

149 are below 50% of their natural solar irradiance energy input.

92 are below 10% of their natural solar irradiance energy input.

6 countries status is unknown

The trend is for countries to be below 50% of their solar irradiance energy potential input.

Of the top 10 countries

1 has exceeded 50% of its natural solar irradiance energy input .

2 are approaching 50% of their natural solar irradiance energy input.

7 are below 10% of their natural solar irradiance energy input.

The trend is for countries to be below their solar irradiance energy potential input.

There is therefore spare energy capacity for generating electricity in 149 out of 195 countries because of land area availability even at their current technological, population and energy use context.

Seasonal Scale

There are 3 types of energy, temperature, seasonal pattern on Earth.

The northern hemisphere energy, temperature, season pattern.

The southern hemisphere energy, temperature, seasonal pattern inverted from the northern pattern.

The equitorial zone energy, temperature variable seasonal pattern.

The seasonal energy patterns of all 195 countries are indicated on the spread sheet as. Yellow for Summer, Orange for Autumn, Green for Spring and Blue for Winter. These are determined from monthly temperature data and a 3 month season period allocation.

There are 88 countries in the northern hemisphere that share seasonal energy patterns, 68 country in the equatorial zone that have varied seasonal energy patterns and 39 countries in the southern hemisphere that share inverted northern hemisphere seasonal energy patterns.

The data on mean temperature per year is limited. The recorded data begins in 1880 and runs up to 2016. The recorded data indicates that the mean temperature of the Earth has been in a rising pattern since 1880 up to 2016. The data indicates that the mean temperature of the Earth has risen by 1.2 deg C since 1880 up to 2016.

This temperature rise can be linked to Anthropocene influences.

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-243---the-human-effects-on-the-natural-cycles-of-the-earth and associated refs.

Hemisphere Scale

The temperature over all hemispheres and all 195 countries varies between -7.14 to 32 deg C.

The average temperature over a year for all hemispheres and zones is 18.55 deg C

This gives a possible temperature by 2100 of 20.55 deg C due to human activity forcing global warming.

Of the 88 countries in the northern hemisphere sharing an energy, temperature, seasonal pattern the temperature range

is -7.14 to 32 deg C.

The average temperature over a year for the northern hemisphere is 12.51 deg C

This gives a possible temperature by 2100 of 14.51 deg C due to human activity forcing global warming.

Of the 68 countries in the equatorial zone with variable energy, temperature, seasonal patterns the temperature range

is 10.36 to 30.75 deg C

The average temperature over a year for the equatorial zones is 24.63 deg C

This gives a possible temperature by 2100 of 26.63 deg C due to human activity forcing global warming.

Of the 39 countries in the in the southern hemisphere sharing an energy, temperature, seasonal patterns the temperature range is 8.37 to 26.77 deg C

The average temperature over a year for the equatorial zones is 21.59 deg C

This gives a possible temperature by 2100 of 23.59 deg C due to human activity forcing global warming.

The recorded temperature data begins in 1880 and runs up to 2016.

The recorded data indicates that the mean temperature of the Earth has been in a rising pattern since 1880 up to 2016.

The data indicates that the mean temperature of the Earth has risen by 1.2 deg C since 1880 up to 2016.

This temperature change can be attributed to Anthropocene activity.

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-243---the-human-effects-on-the-natural-cycles-of-the-earth and associated refs.

The total solar irradiance energy for countries is 1.34E+17 W/km2. 100%

The northern hemisphere solar irradiance energy is 7.79E+16 W/km2.

The northern hemisphere solar irradiance energy is 58% of the total solar irradiance.

The southern hemisphere solar irradiance energy is 3.33E+16 W/km2.

The southern hemisphere solar irradiance energy is 25% of the total solar irradiance.

The equitorial hemisphere solar irradiance energy is 2.28E+16 W/km2.

The equitorial hemisphere solar irradiance energy is 17% of the total solar irradiance.

The Hemispheres are in an energy ratio to each other of

North Hemisphere : South Hemisphere W/km2 2.3 to 1

North Hemisphere : Equitorial Zone W/km2 3.4 to 1

South Hemisphere : Equitorial Zone W/km2 1.5 to 1

The largest natural and Anthropocene ecosystems are in the northern hemisphere then the southern hemisphere then the equatorial zone. This follows the land area available in each area. This follows the human occupation of the Earth pattern.

Land Use Scale

The natural land area of the Earth occupies 148,326,000 km2, 29% of the planets total surface area.

Humans occupy 90% of the total land area as countries.

Humans have created the energy mass equivalent of 134,007,554 km2 of Anthropocene land area uses that have depleted environment, resources and energy of the planet.

The land Anthropocene uses, activities, ecosystems, can be defined in magnitude as Agriculture, Forestry, Rural and Urban.

These Anthropocene land uses occupy 61% of the land area. Since these are overlays onto the natural ecosystems it can be stated that humans have added the energy mass equivalent of 90,289,675 km2 of Anthropocene land use to the energy flow that the Earth has to process. This amounts to an additional energy of 9.03E+18 W/km2.

Population Scale

The Total Population in 2016 was estimated at 7,400,000,000 people.

This is 100% of the population of Earth.

The Total Population solar irradiance is 3.68E+07 W/km2.

This is 2.96E-23% of the total solar irradiance.

Population per Hemisphere Scale.

The northern hemisphere population is 5,030,000,000 people.

This is 68% of the total population of Earth.

The northern hemisphere population solar irradiance per head of population is 1.55E+07 W/km2

The southern hemisphere population is 998,000,000 people.

This is 13% of the total population of Earth.

The southern hemisphere population solar irradiance per head of population is 3.34E+07 W/km2

The equitorial zone population is 1,380,000,000 people.

This is 19% of the total population of Earth.

The equitorial zone population solar irradiance is 1.65E+07 W/km2

Humans have added an additional Anthropocene artificial ecosystems over the Earth to survive.

The natural renewable relationship between the Earth and the Sun has been accelerated by human evolution in the last 10,000 years, by agricultural and industrial artificial evolution; design; over the last 350 years by global fossil fuel use over the last 250 years and by a population increase of 7,462,964,280 people in 12,106 years since 10,000 BC.

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-242--the-architecture-of-climate-change-10-000bc-to-2016

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-243---the-human-effects-on-the-natural-cycles-of-the-earth and associated refs.

Source:https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-244--the-green-house-gas-architecture-of-the-uk-1715-to-2018

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-248--the-loss-of-occupations-in-the-uk.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocene

Time Scale

The Natural Architecture of the Earth Sun relationship has operated as an energy recycling system for 4,54 billion years.

The Carbon Cycle naturally takes approx. 200,000,000 years to complete.

Humans are outputting 5.8E+17 tons of Carbon per year. 7.25 times the fast process rate of the Earth. Humans are outputting 5.8E+17 tons of Carbon per year. 1,450,000,000 times the slow process rate of the Earth.

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-243---the-human-effects-on-the-natural-cycles-of-the-earth and associated refs.

The Water Cycle naturally takes approx. 13,000 years to complete.

Humans are withdrawing water at a rate of 4e+15 tons per year.

This allows for a duration of supply of 26 years with the 2017 population.

This creates an end date of 2044 for the current level of water withdrawl.

This end date decreases as the withdrawl rates increase and the human population increases.

Humans are withdrawing water at 37 times the Earth slow process rate per year.

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-243---the-human-effects-on-the-natural-cycles-of-the-earth and associated refs.

The Phosphorus Cycle naturally takes 80,000 to 100,000 years to complete.

Humans are using 5.3e+8 tons of Phosphorus per year. 589 times the fast process rate and 757

times the slow process rate of the Earth.

Human production of Phosphorus has reduced the duration of natural reserves to 261 years.

This creates and end date of 2278 for the current level of phosphorus production.

This creates a peak date of 2147 for the current level of phosphorus production.

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-243---the-human-effects-on-the-natural-cycles-of-the-earth and associated refs.

The Nitrogen Cycle naturally takes approx. 1,988,000 years to complete.

Humans are increasing nitrogen release into the atmosphere at 48% of the fast process rate per year of the Earth.

Humans are increasing the nitrogen release into the atmosphere at 24% of the slow process rate per year of the Earth.

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-243---the-human-effects-on-the-natural-cycles-of-the-earth and associated refs.

The Hydrogen Cycle naturally takes approx. 8 years to complete.

The reserves of Hydrogen are limitless and only restrained by the lifespan of the Earth.

The Hydrogen Cycle is less easy to define due to the abundance of the element in the universe and the short rate of process through the atmosphere of the Earth.

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-243---the-human-effects-on-the-natural-cycles-of-the-earth and associated refs.

The Sulphur Cycle naturally takes approx. less than a year to complete.

Humans are using 6.9e+7 tons of Sulphur per year. This is within the Earths fast and slow process rates.

The reserves of Sulphur are limitless and only restrained by the lifespan of the Earth

However the extraction of Sulphur causes environmental depletion that is linked to fossil fuel use.

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-243---the-human-effects-on-the-natural-cycles-of-the-earth and associated refs.

All of the above natural cycles have slow geological timescale recycling durations.

Human activity has exceeded these timescales.

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-243---the-human-effects-on-the-natural-cycles-of-the-earth and associated refs.

Conclusions.

There are Natural and Anthropocene ecosystems on the Earth.

The Anthropocene ecosystems are accelerated forms of the natural human purpose; as a chemical density within the biosphere; to interact with the other natural ecosystems and deplete them to survive and so recycle energy.

The Nature of the Architecture of both the Natural and Anthropocene ecosystems is to process energy into mass and back into energy through a process of depletion.

Humans have created their survival of the fittest energy system by adding additional Anthropocene; artificially evolved, designed, forced; energy depletion ecosystems over the Earth to survive more efficiently as their population increases over the same land, environment, resource and energy area.

These Anthropocene activities, energy depletion ecosystems have forced the Earth to try and process energy beyond the natural Earth cycles capability. The result is environment, resources and energy depletion at an accelerated rate, increased temperatures, seasonal variations, global warming and climate change.

This trend currently threatens human existence on Earth.

Humans are threatened by their own nature as an energy-chemical predation density trying to become the fittest energy system recycler.

This is the current state of the Architecture for the Anthropocene ecosystem energy flows of the Earth.

Ian K Whittaker

Websites:

https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles

Email: iankwhittaker@gmail.com

21/04/2018

14/10/2020

5095 words over 13 pages

Additional References

Country List : Source: World Bank

Country_temperatureCRU: mean monthly and annual temperatures by country for the period 1961-1999. Values are in degrees Celsius.

Source: Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Historical Data The World Bank 2011

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/Andorra

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/american-samoa

Source: Google Search Antigua and Barbuda

Source: Google Search Bahrain

Source: Google Search Bermuda

Source: Google Search Channel Islands

Source: http://www.holiday-weather.com/cape_verde/averages/

Source: Google Search Curaçao

Source: Google Search Cayman Islands

Source: Google Search Dominica

Source: Google Search Faroe Islands

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/micronesia

Source: Google Search Gibralter

Source: Google Search Greneda

Source: Google Search Greenland

Source: http://www.worldometers.info/geography/how-many-countries-are-there-in-the-world/

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/marshall-islands

Source: http://www.holiday-weather.com/koror_pw/averages/ . Paulu

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/macedonia

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/saint-vincent-and-grenadines

Source: https://www.yr.no/place/Palestine/Gaza_Strip/Gaza/statistics.html

Source: https://en.climate-data.org/location/717838/ San Marino

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/saint-lucia

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/saint-kitts-and-nevis

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/singapore

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/south-korea

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/maldives

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/nauru

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/samoa

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/sao-tom%C3%A9-and-principe

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/seychelles

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/tonga

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/tuvalu

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/malta

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/north-korea

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/kiribati

Source: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/liechtenstein

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance Irradiance on Earth's surface (taken as 1e+9 Watts /km2)

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom

Source; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance

Source: http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_Rainbow/Documents/LandUse-2011-03e.htm

Source: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.TOTL.K2

Source: www.worldometers.info/world-population/holy-see-population/

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL

Source: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.AGRI.ZS

Source:https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.ZS

Source: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.EL5M.UR.ZS

Source: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.EL5M.RU.Z

Source:https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ER.H2O.INTR.K3?order=wbapi_data_value_2000+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last renewable freshwater data

Source: http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/results.html

Source:Total freshwater withdrawal (primary and secondary) (10^9 m3/year)

Source: FAO. 2016. AQUASTAT Main Database - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United

Nations (FAO). Website accessed on[12/04/2018 13:4]

Source: education.seattlepi.com/percent-planet-desert-5203.html

Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_ice_cap

Country List : Source: World Bank

Country_temperatureCRU: mean monthly and annual temperatures by country for the period 1961-1999. Values are in degrees Celsius.

Source: Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Historical Data The World Bank 2011

Source: Google Search Aruba

Source:https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/andorra