Article 230 - Architectural Change. Linear to Circular Economy in the UK. Population Incentive.
Architectural Change. Linear to Circular Economy in the UK. Population Incentive.
Theory.
‘The Death of Architecture in Buildings’ Essay concluded that a ‘Paradigm Shift’ had occurred in Architecture directing Architects to control depletion through evolutionary contextual theory through the Architecture of Communications not the Architecture of Building.
Source:https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-227---the-death-of-architecture-in-buildings
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm_shift
The ‘Death of Type of Buildings’ essay expanded on this and established what types of buildings; and their associated Architecture; would become redundant due to communications and smartphones.
Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-228---the-death-of-types-of-buildings
The essay ‘Architectural Change. Linear to Circular Economy in the UK’ proposed that the incentive Architecture of the UK must change from a 'linear' to a ‘circular‘ economy with a population incentive based around communications to survive in a world of climate, environment, resource, and energy depletion with an ever increasing population.
Source: https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles/home/article-229---architectural-change-linear-to-circular-economy-in-the-uk
This essay establishes the current level of communications incentive in the UK in order to establish how close to establishing an Architecture of communications and a change to a circular economy population incentive the UK is.
Method.
The essay establishes Definitions, the Total Number of TV Channels in the UK, Total Hours of TV in the UK, Total Hours of TV in the UK over a Lifetime, Total Hours of Adverts on TV in the UK and Average Cost of Advertising on TV. Conclusions are then drawn.
Definitions.
In the scope of this essay the following definitions apply.
TV (Television)
‘a system for converting visual images (with sound) into electrical signals, transmitting them by radio or other means, and displaying them electronically on a screen.’
Source: Google Search Define: TV
Freeview
‘Freeview is a box that plugs into your existing aerial.
Some new televisions already have the Freeview receiver built into the television so you don’t even need a box, you just plug it in.
You can receive more than 40 free TV channels, plus interactive features via the red button, and more than 20 radio stations - all transmitted through your normal TV aerial.’
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/guides/about-freeview
Freeview Terrestrial TV
‘Freeview (UK) Freeview is the United Kingdom's digital terrestrial television platform. It is operated by DTV Services Ltd, a joint venture between the BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Sky and transmitter operator Arqiva. It was launched in 2002.’
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeview_(UK)
Freesat
‘is a free-to-air digital satellite television joint venture between the BBC and ITV plc, serving the United Kingdom. The service was formed as a memorandum in 2007 and has been marketed since 6 May 2008. Freesat offers a satellite alternative to the Freeview service on digital terrestrial television, with a broadly similar selection of channels available without subscription for users purchasing a receiver.’
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freesat
Pay TV
‘is television broadcasting in which viewers pay by subscription to watch a particular channel.’
Source: Google Search Define: Pay TV
Sky TV
‘Sky UK (formerly British Sky Broadcasting Limited, BSkyB and Sky) is a telecommunications company which serves the United Kingdom. Sky provides television and broadband internet services, fixed line and mobile telephone services to consumers and businesses in the United Kingdom. It is the UK's largest pay-TV broadcaster with 11 million customers as of 2015.’
Linear Economy
‘Linear "take, make, dispose" industrial processes and the lifestyles that feed on them deplete finite reserves to create products that end up in landfills or in incinerators.’
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_economy#Moving_away_from_the_linear_model
Circular Economy
‘A circular economy is a regenerative system in which resource input and waste, emission, and energy leakage are minimised by slowing, closing, and narrowing material and energy loops. This can be achieved through long-lasting design, maintenance, repair, reuse, remanufacturing, refurbishing, and recycling. This is in contrast to a linear economy which is a 'take, make, dispose' model of production.’
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_economy#Moving_away_from_the_linear_model
Total Number of TV Channels in the UK.
Freeview Terrestrial TV 50 SD channels and 10 HD channels.
Freesat has 142 TV channels of which 11 are HD.
Pay TV / Sky TV 600 TV channels but these depend on the package you are on.
Total Hours of TV in the UK.
2014
Adults 8 hrs 41 minutes / day on media devices.
Adults and children 4 hrs of TV / day
Source: Ofcom 7 Aug 2014. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-28677674 2014
2015
Adult 24-40 hrs/ wk
3 hrs 42minutes / day to 6 hrs 18 minutes / day
Source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3179425/How-spend-decade-adult-life-watching-TV-Average-Briton-spends-24-hours-week-box.html 2015
2016
Average Viewer 3 hrs 51 minutes of TV / day
3 minutes / day on tablets and smart phones.
16-24s 102 minutes of TV / day
Source: https://www.thinkbox.tv/News-and-opinion/Newsroom/10032016-New-figures-put-TV-viewing-in-perspective 2016
2017
Average Briton 3.5 hrs of TV / day
53 days / yr
1,277 hours a year
Source: http://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/how-much-time-brits-actually-10085406 2017
Total Hours of TV in the UK over a Lifetime.
Allowing a lifetime of 75 years average 655,200 hrs
Allowing 24 hours a day / 365 days / year
Less sleeping hours at 8 hours / day 219,000 hrs
Sub ttl 436,200 hrs
Less working hrs at 8 hrs / day 219,000 hrs
Sub ttl 217,200 hrs
Less travel to work at 2 hrs / day 54,750 hrs
Sub ttl 162,450 hrs
Less hygiene at 2 hours / day 54,750 hrs
Sub ttl 107,700 hrs
Less meals at 3 hours per day 82,125 hrs
Sub ttl of leisure hours over 75 years 25,575 hrs
Sub ttl of leisure hours over 1 year 341 hrs
The viewing hours can be estimated at 341 to1277 hrs per year.
Just under 2 hours to 3.5 hours per day.
Total Hours of Adverts on TV in the UK
Allowing 12 minutes of adverts per hour as per Ofcom regulations.
Allowing 7% of each hour for adverts.
Source: https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/19083/advertising_minutage.pdf 2011
24 to 42 minutes of adverts / day.
8,760 to 15,330 minutes of adverts / year.
146 to 256 hours of adverts / year.
Source: http://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/how-much-time-brits-actually-10085406 2017
Source: https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/19083/advertising_minutage.pdf 2011
Average Cost of Advertising on TV
ITV
30 second advert £3,000 to £4,000 in morning.
30 second advert £3,500 to £4,500 in afternoon.
30 second advert £10,000 to £30,000 in evening peak viewing.
C4
30 second advert £1,000 to £2,000 in morning.
30 second advert £10,000 to £20,000 in evening peak viewing.
C30 second advert £800 to £1,600 in morning.
C5
30 second advert £2,500 to £4,500 in evening peak viewing.
30 second advert £150 to £250 in morning.
Sky1
30 second advert £650 to £1,150 in evening peak viewing.
Sky Sports
30 second advert £60 to £750 in peak rate.
Eurosport
30 second advert £50 to £100 in peak rate.
BT Sport
30 second advert £20 to £200 in peak rate.
Source: http://uk.businessinsider.com/how-much-it-costs-to-buy-a-30-second-ad-on-uk-television-2017-2?r=US&IR=T/#other-digital-channels-6
Conclusions
There are over 600 channels available to each viewer in the UK.
Currently the average viewer in the UK watches 2 to 3.5 hrs of TV / day.
This is approx. 15% of a 75 year human lifetime using TV and Media in the home.
The largest amount of time per day is spent in the working environment.
If the working environment becomes mobile then only the hours asleep are outside the human interaction with communications. Over a 75 year lifespan the percentage sleeping equates to 436,200 hrs or 67% of a human lifespan.
The Total influence of communications per human over a 75 year lifespan can therefore be considered to be 216,216 hrs or 33% of a human life time.
Communications are legislated products of the UK State. They are also run through private enterprise businesses. Communications are therefore already a deliberate attempt to influence the population. In terms of the state broadcasters; such as the BBC; communications aspires to ‘inform, educate and entertain’ the population. In terms of private enterprise communications are engineered to influence the population to take part in commercial transactions.
The commercial engineered influence of communications is also reflected in the charges for a 30 second slot of advertising on TV. These increase from low viewing time in the morning to peak viewing time in the evening.
The UK State and private enterprise are therefore deliberately trying to influence humans for 2 to 3.5 hours per day in their home location through advertising.
The current linear economy of the UK therefore attempts to influence the population for between 2 to 3.5 hours a day.
If the linear economy is maintained at this level of communication then it cannot achieve the nature of a circular economy since it requires ‘need’ to constantly become ‘desire’ and ‘want’ and for environment, resources and energy to be unlimited even with an expanding population.
The future ‘circular’ broadcasting of the UK will have to constantly review the available economic, resource, energy, environment capability of the UK and then communicate what levels this will have to reduce down to. In doing this it reduces the effects of depletion through communication with the population. This also complies with the laws of thermodynamics.
In the ‘circular’ economy the communications aspiration becomes the control of immediate or short term depletion of environment, resources and energy in a growing population.
To achieve this the state will have to control all environment, resources and energy allocation and so they will also have to control all communications and interact with the population 24 hours a day.
The current level of communications incentive in the UK is below that required to establish an Architecture of communications and a change to a circular economy in the UK.
Ian K Whittaker
Websites:
https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles
Email: iankwhittaker@gmail.com
06/01/2018
14/10/2020
1564 words over 4 pages