Phase Changes & States of Matter [ Nicole Moon ]

Moon, Nicole

SED 525S, Spring 2019

Professor Norm

Title: Phase Changes

Principle(s) Investigated:

• Phase Changes of Water:
  • Melting vs. Freezing
  • Evaporation vs. Condensation
  • Sublimation vs. Deposition

Standards:

Materials:

• Erlenmeyer flask
• Dry ice
• Ice cubes
• Metal spoon
• Cooler for the dry ice
• Oven mitts
• Mallet
• Melting blocks (aluminum & rigid plastic)
• Dish soap
• Food coloring
• Paper towels
• Poster Paper
• Colored markers/Sharpies

Procedure:

• Lay down 2 sheets of paper towel per group below the melting blocks for when ice melts.
  • Have students to use their senses and make their observations on the melting blocks prior to giving them the ice cubes.
  • Students will make predictions on what the block will do using the key terms regarding states of matter on Google Sheets.
  • Students will be put into groups to observe the demonstration.
• Show the phase for melting.
  • Emphasize one of the key terms: MELTING.
  • Students will clean up and return materials.
• Go over story time of different phase changes and states of matter.
  • Students will list their own examples of each phase change.
• Prepare the groups and poster paper for each.
• Go over the different types of phases.
  • Students will make a representation of the phase changes.
• Prepare Coggle for Phase Changes Problems occurring in the world.
  • Students can search the issues that the world is currently experiencing that are in relation to phase changes.
  • Possible Topics listed below under Explanation.
• Prepare demonstration of sublimation.
• Explain what dry ice is and its properties.
  • Students will have firsthand experience with sublimation.
• Prepare Google Survey for reflection.
  • Students will reflect on the lesson to identify the different states of matter, phase changes, and do their 3-2-1 Survey.

Student prior knowledge: Students will know some terms for the different phase changes of matter. They will be familiar with melting and freezing, perhaps familiar with condensation, and evaporation. Students will have prior knowledge of the states of matter as well: solid, liquid, and gas.

Explanation: This lesson will give students a hands-on and firsthand experience with the differents states of matter. Though they will be familiar with some of the terms listed above, most may not be familiar with sublimation or deposition. Students will be given the opportunity to make predictions using their senses and guessing what the block will do to the ice cube. Each group will be given the opportunity to utilize the key terms with their predictions individually before being put into groups to observe the demonstration. Students will observe the different melting points, you will disclose the properties of the melting blocks, and emphasize melting as one of the phase changes.

Have students get into groups to make their own visual representation of the states of matter along with their phase changes. Allow them to present it.

Once complete, have students brainstorm in their groups of problems in the world that relate to the topic of phase changes. Have them to list them on If they assistance:

• Polar ice caps
• Glaciers
• Evaporation of oceans
• Climate change
• Greenhouse gas
• Condensation of from storms due to climate change
• Freezing from winter
• Extreme weather

To show a proper demonstration of sublimation and a physical representation of deposition, dry ice will be the example. Just as blowing a bubble has air in its gas phase, dry ice is composed of carbon dioxide (CO2) which will be in the soap bubbles.

Go over what the students had learned to help with the 3-2-1 Survey. Students will be given time to fill out the survey.

Questions & Answers:

• Which takes more heat - melting or boiling?
  • More energy is required to convert the liquid water to steam. The diagram below shows how more heat is required to reach from the liquid state of matter to gas than it does for solid to convert to liquid.

• Why does boiling take longer than melting?
  • The heat of vaporization is higher than the heat of fusion. It requires more energy to break the attraction between liquid phase molecules into gas then it does between solid phase molecules into liquid.
• Is the cycle for phase changes in relation to exothermic and endothermic reactions?
  • Yes! Exactly!

Applications to Everyday Life:

• Glaciers - since the global climate is rising, this causes the glaciers to melt. This causes sea levels to rise and causing countries, even states in the U.S., to start getting anxious about the population. FLORIDA NOOO!
• Climate Change - this can range from melting of glaciers, evaporation of the oceans, the greenhouse effect, and etc. The gas particles of the air is causing rainstorms to occur due to the moisture in the air and higher temperature of the ocean, which supplements the ocean levels to rise. It’s causing islands to disappear such as Tuvalu.
• Extreme Winters - the unstable air and moisture of the air causes the condensation plus freezing of water, which causes the East Coast to have extreme winters; this is to the point they call it a polar vortex. Having just visited Michigan, the unforgiving, frigid winter is even causing the windows to freeze and form ice inside homes.

Photographs:

Dry ice says hello

SUBLIMATION!

Videos:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=il2Ej1CxW9c

References:

• Google Image
• Lyons, Kate, and Ben Doherty. “Australia Tried to Water down Climate Change Resolution at Pacific Islands Forum: Leader.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 6 Sept. 2018, www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/06/australia-tried-to-water-down-climate-change-resolution-at-pacific-islands-forum-leader.
• Rush, Elizabeth. “Rising Seas: 'Florida Is about to Be Wiped off the Map'.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 26 June 2018, www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jun/26/rising-seas-florida-climate-change-elizabeth-rush.
• Smith, Mitch, et al. “Extreme Cold Weather Spreads East.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 31 Jan. 2019, www.nytimes.com/2019/01/31/us/weather-polar-vortex.html.