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LESSON A Messages and Meanings
WARM UP Stories in Action: What Happens Next?
Read the stories and understand what happens.
Then think: What probably happened next? Take short notes.
📱 The Late Message
Maria was running to work when she remembered her meeting. She took out her phone and sent a message to her boss. A few minutes later, she sent her boss a photo of the traffic. Her boss replied and said something to her that made her smile: “Drive safely.”
🎒 The Lost Backpack
At school, Leo found a backpack in the hallway. He returned the bag to the teacher and explained the situation to her. The teacher thanked him and gave him a note for being honest.
🍽️ The Restaurant Tip
Emma and her friend went to a new restaurant. The waiter recommended a dessert to them, so they ordered it. The dessert was amazing, but later a small mistake cost them extra time because the bill was wrong.
🛠️ The Team Project
During a group project, the manager asked the team a question and provided some examples to them. One small error caused them a problem, but in the end, the manager sent them a message to say, “Good job.”
👉 What do you think happened next in each story?
Write 1–2 notes for each one.
LISTENING & DISCUSSION
GRAMMAR POINT Object Placement
1. Flexible Verbs (Two Patterns)
In English, most "giving" or "communicating" verbs (like give, send, bring) allow two patterns
Verb + [What] + to + [Who] "You can send messages to your friends."
Verb + [Who] + [What] "You can send your friends messages."
[Verb] + [Direct Object] + to/for + [Indirect Object]
[Verb] + [Indirect Object] + [Direct Object]
Direct Object = the "thing" (what)
Indirect Object = the "person" (who)
But some verbs are different. They only use one pattern.
2. Strict Verbs (One Pattern Only)
You cannot change the order with these verbs.
The "to" Group
These verbs must put the "What" first, followed by "to."
Verbs: Announce, describe, explain, mention, provide, recommend, return, say.
Verb + [What] + to + [Who] "Please explain the rules to the students."
The "Who First" Group
These verbs must put the "Who" first, and they never use "to."
Verbs: Allow, ask, cause, cost.
Verb + [Who] + [What] "The mistake cost him the game."
Practice 📝 Object Placement
✅ 1 – Flexible Verbs (Two Patterns)
Each sentence can be written in two correct ways. Rewrite the sentence using the other pattern.
She sent a message to her friend.
→ She sent her friend a message.
He gave the book to his sister.
→ _______________________________________
They showed the photo to the teacher.
→ _______________________________________
I brought some coffee to my boss.
→ _______________________________________
We told the story to the children.
→ _______________________________________
She sent an email to her manager.
→ _______________________________________
✅ 2 – Strict Verbs (One Pattern Only)
Complete each sentence using the correct word order.
Use the pattern shown in the lesson.
A) The “to” Group (What + to + Who)
(announce, describe, explain, mention, provide, recommend, return, say)
Please explain ____________________________ to the students.
(the rules)
She described ____________________________ to us.
(the problem)
They provided ____________________________ to the guests.
(the information)
He returned ____________________________ to the teacher.
(the book)
Can you recommend ____________________________ to me?
(a good restaurant)
B) The “Who First” Group (Who + What, no to)
(allow, ask, cause, cost)
The teacher allowed ____________________________ extra time.
(the students)
I asked ____________________________ a question.
(him)
The mistake cost ____________________________ the game.
(them)
The noise caused ____________________________ a problem.
(us)
She asked ____________________________ some help.
(me)
Check your success
✅ Answer Key (for you)
Please explain the rules to the students.
She described the problem to us.
They provided the information to the guests.
He returned the book to the teacher.
Can you recommend a good restaurant to me?
The teacher allowed the students extra time.
I asked him a question.
The mistake cost them the game.
The noise caused us a problem.
She asked me some help.
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