The competences typically associated with each of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) levels.

A0 Beginner (Complete Beginner)

Basic greetings and introductions.

Simple expressions of needs and wants.

Basic vocabulary related to daily life (e.g., numbers, colors, common objects).

Understanding simple, slow, and clear speech.

A1 Elementary (Beginner)

Basic comprehension of familiar words and simple phrases.

Ability to introduce oneself and ask simple questions.

Basic vocabulary related to everyday situations (e.g., shopping, ordering food).

Understanding simple instructions and directions.

A2 Pre-Intermediate (Elementary)

Understanding and using simple sentences and expressions in common situations.

Describing personal experiences, surroundings, and daily routines.

Basic reading and writing skills (e.g., filling out forms, writing short messages).

Understanding basic grammar structures (e.g., present simple, past simple).

A2+ Upper Pre-Intermediate (Elementary/Intermediate)

Expanded vocabulary and ability to express opinions on familiar topics.

Improved comprehension of spoken language, especially in familiar contexts.

Basic ability to discuss past experiences and future plans.

Building on basic grammar structures and beginning to use more complex ones.

B1 Intermediate (Intermediate)

Ability to engage in simple conversations on familiar topics.

Understanding the main points of clear standard speech on familiar matters.

Reading and understanding simple texts on familiar subjects.

Writing short essays, letters, and simple narratives.

B1+upper Intermediate (Intermediate/Upper Intermediate)

Increased fluency in conversation on a wider range of topics.

Understanding different accents and dialects to some extent.

Reading and understanding texts with some complex language.

Writing coherent texts expressing opinions and arguments.

B2 Upper Intermediate (Upper Intermediate)

Fluency in conversation on a wide range of topics.

Understanding both formal and informal language.

Reading and understanding articles, reports, and contemporary literary texts.

Writing clear, detailed texts on various subjects.

B2+ Advanced (Upper Intermediate/Advanced)

Near-native fluency in conversation with occasional errors.

Understanding implicit meanings and idiomatic expressions.

Reading and understanding complex texts with ease.

Writing essays, reports, and critiques with a high degree of coherence and accuracy.

C1 Proficient (Advanced)

Fluency in conversation in almost any situation, with few errors.

Understanding complex texts and abstract concepts.

Writing clear, well-structured essays and reports.

Ability to adapt language use to various social and professional contexts.

C2 Mastery (Proficient/Native-like)

Native-level fluency in conversation and comprehension.

Understanding nuances, subtleties, and cultural references.

Writing with precision and sophistication across various genres and registers.

Ability to express oneself eloquently and persuasively on any topic.