Post date: 2015/08/01 21:59:05
The 13th Komaba Language Association Presentation Session
Date: Sunday, August 2nd, 2015
Time: 14:00 - 17:00
Place: Collaboration Room 3, Fourth Floor Building 18, University of
Tokyo Komaba I Campus
-- Free admission, no reservation necessary --
【Presenter 1】Mikie Nishiyama. Lecturer, Ritsumeikan University
【Title】An Analysis of Factors Affecting Novice L2 Writers' Rhetorical
Organization in Opinion Writing
【Language of presentation】Japanese
【Abstract】
Academic writing in the target language involves learning unfamiliar
writing conventions of the target culture for Japanese students. It is
assumed that Japanese university students, who are novice second
language (L2) writers, are first trained to write an opinion essay in
English as a preparation for learning of an argumentation structure,
which is an essential element in English academic writing. When these
novice L2 writers write an opinion essay in English, how their first
language (L1) and other factors than a L1 may affect their rhetorical
organization has not been fully examined in relation to the Japanese
educational context. In addition, although the majority of Japanese
university students are novice L2 writers, there are only a few
studies that refer specifically to their writing performance. This
study therefore examines first-year Japanese university students’
rhetorical organization and factors affecting their rhetorical choices
in English opinion writing. The study utilizes what Kubota (1998)
calls the within-subject analysis of L1 and L2 writing, which refers
to a comparison of the L1 and L2 writing by the same writers. The
findings of the study will suggest some implications of how teachers
should help inexperienced Japanese students acquire knowledge and
skills necessary for writing well-structured essays persuasively in
English.
【Presenter 2】David Allen, PhD. Associate Professor, Foreign Language
Education Centre, Ochanomizu University.
【Title】'I couldn't speak at all': Entrance exams, IELTS and washback
【Language of presentation】English
【Abstract】
In this talk, I will summarise a large research project that
investigated University of Tokyo (UT) students' language proficiency
and language study. The data includes IELTS proficiency test scores
for 190 students plus survey and interview data. The main study found
a notable bias towards receptive abilities, particularly reading,
which can be accounted for by washback from the UT entrance exam upon
pre-tertiary learning at high school and cram school. In contrast, for
students who studied for the IELTS test, washback on both speaking and
writing was observed. These results, in addition to students'
reflections on English education at UT, will be discussed with
particular reference to developing students' speaking skills. I will
present an argument for entrance exam reform to promote the
development of communicative competence as opposed to reading
competence.
【Presenter 3】Professor Emiko Nozawa. Project Assistant Professor, The
Centre for Global Communication Strategies, The College of Arts and
Sciences, The University of Tokyo
【Title】Linguistic Diversity and the Medium of Instruction in India:
Social Mobility and Reproduction
【Language of presentation】English
【Abstract】
It is said that approximately 200 languages are spoken in India.
Against this multilingualism, I will present the issue of linguistic
diversity and the medium of instruction in globalizing neoliberal
India.
Whereas the federal government employs Hindi and English as its
official languages, each state designates the most dominant language
as one of its state official language and uses it in administration
and the government education system. Many children from minority
language groups are deprived of linguistic rights to study subject
matters through their native language even in primary school. It often
causes irrelevant education, low attainment, and high dropout rates
amongst children from minority groups.
Educational polarization has also become conspicuous between
urban and rural areas with deepening globalization and neoliberal
economy. As public expenditures in government primary education have
been stagnant and the deterioration of the educational quality in
government schools have been criticized, private English medium
schools have proliferated especially in urban areas. Where English
proficiency is required to seek tertiary education in highly
professional fields, it is almost necessary for ambitious students to
have an education in an expensive English medium school from the
primary level.
The segregated, unequal school system is tolerated, if not
naturalized, in the name of “freedom of choice,” which is practically
given to only privileged groups. The education system is not
necessarily operating as the path to achieve social mobility, but for
the most part, to reproduce the status quo.
If you have any questions, please contact us at
komabalanguage@gmail.com. For further information, please visit your
website at komabalanguage .
Best regards,
Komaba Language Association, The University of Tokyo
---
各位
駒場言葉研究会(KLA)のご案内
日にち： 2015年 8月 2日 (日)
時間： 14:00 - 17:00
場所：東京大学教養学部 駒場Iキャンパス 18号館４階コラボレーションルーム３
参加費： 無料, 事前申込不要
【発表者１】西山幹枝 立命館大学 講師
【タイトル】日本人大学生による英語意見文の論理展開に影響を及ぼす要因について
【発表言語】日本語
【概要】
大学の英語ライティング授業では、アカデミックな文章指導の準備段階として、自分の意見を英語で論理的に組み立てる文章指導を行っていると推測される。本発表では、日本人大学生が英語で意見文を構成する際、書き手のL1がどのように影響を及ぼすか、また、L1以外の要因がどのように影響を及ぼすかを考察する。調査対象は、理系の大学1年生19名によって書かれた英語(L2)と日本語(L1)の意見文データである。学習者の英語と日本語作文において、意見（主張）に基づく論理展開を比較し、アンケート回答と共に分析した。分析結果から、ほとんどの学習者の英語意見文は演繹的な文章構成をとっており、日本語ライティングに特徴的と考えられる帰納的な文章構成は観察されなかった。本発表では、学習者の英語意見文の論理展開に影響を及ぼすと考えられる要因を分析するとともに、今後の課題として、学習者とのインタビューを通して質的調査を行う必要性を提案する。
【発表者２】David Allen, PhD. Associate Professor, Foreign Language
Education Centre, Ochanomizu University.
【タイトル】'I couldn't speak at all': Entrance exams, IELTS and washback
【発表言語】英語
【概要】上記英語版をご参照ください。
【発表者３】野沢恵美子 東京大学教養学部附属グローバルコミュニケーション研究センター 特任講師
【タイトル】多言語社会インドにおける言語と学校教育－新自由主義経済、グローバル化と社会的再生産
【発表言語】英語
【概要】
多言語、新自由主義、グローバル化と様々な位相の交錯するインドの教育と言語について考察する。インドの連邦公用語はヒンディー語と英語だが、各州は地域の優勢言語を公用語とし、行政・学校教育で用いている。連邦レベルでは言語的多様性を尊重する一方、州レベルでは少数部族に不利益をもたらす二面性のある制度となっているのである。
少数言語を話す部族社会では、初等教育で公用語習得と教科学習が同時に行われ、生徒の学習到達度が低く、中途退学者も多い。母語教育導入の努力もあるが、支援の欠如、言語開発の困難さ、無関心などから動きは鈍く、部族社会と優位集団との間に結果として教育格差が生じている。さらに外の社会との接触・交流が盛んになり、少数文化そのものの衰退も懸念されている。
一方でグローバル化と私的領域の拡大とともに都市では私立英語学校が急増し、英語 /
州言語間でも分断が顕著になるなど教育機会が幾重にも階層化している。学校教育の階層化と分断は、新自由主義的な「選択の自由」という概念のもと肯定され、社会的・経済的格差が学校教育を通じて再生産されている。
ご不明な点はkomabalanguage@gmail.comまでお問い合わせ頂くか、ホームページ()をご参照ください | komabalanguage。
みなさまのご参加を、心よりお待ちしております。
敬具
東京大学駒場言葉研究会 (KLA)