Aloe barbadensis

Generalidades

Sinónimos: Sinónimo de Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.

Nombre común: Zábila.

Características generales:

  • Las hojas, que pueden medir hasta 40-50 cm de largo por 10-15 cm de ancho en ejemplares adultos, se disponen en forma de roseta basal. Son estrechamente triangular-lanceoladas, canaliculadas, rectas, erecto-patentes, herbáceas, de un verde-grisáceo, glaucas, ligeramente recubiertas de pruina y sin manchas —excepto unas motas alargadas y claras en los hijuelos y en la base de algunas hojas más viejas—, dentadas solo en el margen, con dientes de unos 2 mm, gruesos, duros, retrorsos, de un color más claro que el del limbo. 

  • La inflorescencia, de unos 70-100 cm de altura, termina en un racimo simple de unos 30-50 por 5-6 cm, compacto en la antesis y en la fructificación. Las brácteas florales —ya presentes esparcidas y escasas en el tallo floral por debajo de la inflorescencia— tienen 8-11 por 5-6 mm y son triangulares, acuminadas, membranáceas y con ligeras crestas pardas paralelas. Las flores son sub-erectas en la preantesis, patentes en la antesis y luego péndulas al madurar y en la fructificación; los pedúnculos tienen 4-5 mm, son algo acrescentes y llegan hasta 7 mm en la fructificación. El perianto, de  25-30 mm, es tubuloso, levemente estrechado en la base, y de color amarillo; los tépalos  externos están soldados en la mitad inferior de su longitud. Los estambres, exertos, miden 30-35 mm. La floración no se produce hasta los 3-4 años de edad.

  • El fruto es una cápsula de 20-25 por 6-8 mm, con semillas de unos 5 mm, sin contar las alas.

  • Estas plantas presentan polinización cruzada y ornitofilia en su hábitat natural, siendo muy propensas a la hibridación; motivo por el cual, se eliminan las flores en cultivos con fines comerciales.

Usos medicinales reportados

  • En algunos lugares popularmente suele llamarse Aloe vera a las variedades: Aloe Barbadensis Miller, Aloe Chinensis y Aloe maculata. Si bien las dos últimas pueden tener propiedades medicinales similares, a nivel farmacéutico es importante una correcta identificación de la especie ya que son diferentes.

  • Actualmente, hay más de doscientos cincuenta variedades reconocidas de Aloe, de las cuales, solamente cuatro tienen características curativas o medicinales significativas. Pese a que las variedades Barbadensis Miller, Arborescens, Maculata y Chinensis son variedades distintas, muchas personas se refieren a ellas como Aloe Vera.

  • Una de las aplicaciones farmacéuticas más antiguamente registrada se puede encontrar en una tablilla sumeria de arcilla del siglo XXI a. C., pero hay informes de dibujos de la planta en las paredes de templos egipcios desde el IV milenio a. C.

  • Cabe reseñar también que hay citas al Aloe vera en la Biblia, siendo una de las más significativas la de Juan 19.393​.

  • En cosmética se usa cada vez más. La mayoría de los fabricantes responsables extraen y purifican los extractos, evitando el látex de la planta, conocido como aloína. Actualmente, está muy extendido su uso directo mediante procedimientos domésticos muy rudimentarios, dando lugar a irritación (dermatitis, eccema) o reacciones alérgicas (urticaria)​, cuando no se ha limpiado el gel de Aloe de forma adecuada.

Usos farmacológicos reportados.

  • Actividad antioxidante

  • Actividad anticancerígena

  • Actividad cicatrizante

  • Actividad antibacteriana

  • Actividad antiinflamatoria

  • Actividad hepatoprotectora

  • Actividad antidiabteica

  • Actividad antipalúdica

  • Efecto nefroprotector

  • Efecto inmunoestimulador

  • Potencial afrodisiaco

  • Potencial terapéutico

  • Aplicaciones biomédicas

Bibliografías

PubMed

  1. Guo X, Mei N. Aloe vera: A review of toxicity and adverse clinical effects. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2016 Apr 2;34(2):77-96. doi: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1166826. PMID: 26986231; PMCID: PMC6349368.‌

  2. Dong X, Zeng Y, Liu Y, You L, Yin X, Fu J, Ni J. Aloe-emodin: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics. Phytother Res. 2020 Feb;34(2):270-281. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6532. Epub 2019 Nov 3. PMID: 31680350.

  3. Hęś M, Dziedzic K, Górecka D, Jędrusek-Golińska A, Gujska E. Aloe vera (L.) Webb.: Natural Sources of Antioxidants - A Review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2019 Sep;74(3):255-265. doi: 10.1007/s11130-019-00747-5. PMID: 31209704; PMCID: PMC6684795.

  4. Shakib Z, Shahraki N, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Aloe vera as an herbal medicine in the treatment of metabolic syndrome: A review. Phytother Res. 2019 Oct;33(10):2649-2660. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6465. Epub 2019 Aug 28. PMID: 31456283.

  5. Majumder R, Das CK, Mandal M. Lead bioactive compounds of Aloe vera as potential anticancer agent. Pharmacol Res. 2019 Oct;148:104416. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104416. Epub 2019 Aug 27. PMID: 31470079.

  6. Sánchez M, González-Burgos E, Iglesias I, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Pharmacological Update Properties of Aloe Vera and its Major Active Constituents. Molecules. 2020 Mar 13;25(6):1324. doi: 10.3390/molecules25061324. PMID: 32183224; PMCID: PMC7144722.

  7. Hashemi SA, Madani SA, Abediankenari S. The Review on Properties of Aloe Vera in Healing of Cutaneous Wounds. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:714216. doi: 10.1155/2015/714216. Epub 2015 May 19. PMID: 26090436; PMCID: PMC4452276.

  8. Alesa Gyles D, Pereira Júnior AD, Diniz Castro L, Santa Brigida A, Nobre Lamarão ML, Ramos Barbosa WL, Carréra Silva Júnior JO, Ribeiro-Costa RM. Polyacrylamide-Metilcellulose Hydrogels Containing Aloe barbadensis Extract as Dressing for Treatment of Chronic Cutaneous Skin Lesions. Polymers (Basel). 2020 Mar 19;12(3):690. doi: 10.3390/polym12030690. PMID: 32204517; PMCID: PMC7183280.

  9. Farrugia CE, Burke ES, Haley ME, Bedi KT, Gandhi MA. The use of aloe vera in cancer radiation: An updated comprehensive review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2019 May;35:126-130. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.01.013. Epub 2019 Jan 31. PMID: 31003648.

  10. Svitina H, Swanepoel R, Rossouw J, Netshimbupfe H, Gouws C, Hamman J. Treatment of Skin Disorders with Aloe Materials. Curr Pharm Des. 2019;25(20):2208-2240. doi: 10.2174/1381612825666190703154244. PMID: 31269881.

  11. Suksomboon N, Poolsup N, Punthanitisarn S. Effect of Aloe vera on glycaemic control in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2016 Apr;41(2):180-8. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12382. Epub 2016 Mar 23. PMID: 27009750.

  12. Kumar R, Singh AK, Gupta A, Bishayee A, Pandey AK. Therapeutic potential of Aloe vera-A miracle gift of nature. Phytomedicine. 2019 Jul;60:152996. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152996. Epub 2019 Jun 20. PMID: 31272819.

  13. Ahluwalia B, Magnusson MK, Böhn L, Störsrud S, Larsson F, Savolainen O, Ross A, Simrén M, Öhman L. Randomized clinical trial: Effects of Aloe barbadensis Mill. extract on symptoms, fecal microbiota and fecal metabolite profiles in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020 Aug;32(8):e13860. doi: 10.1111/nmo.13860. Epub 2020 Apr 20. PMID: 32314514.

  14. Panahi Y, Khedmat H, Valizadegan G, Mohtashami R, Sahebkar A. Efficacy and safety of Aloe vera syrup for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a pilot randomized positive-controlled trial. J Tradit Chin Med. 2015 Dec;35(6):632-6. doi: 10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30151-5. PMID: 26742306.

  15. Avijgan M, Kamran A, Abedini A. Effectiveness of Aloe Vera Gel in Chronic Ulcers in Comparison with Conventional Treatments. Iran J Med Sci. 2016 May;41(3 Suppl):S30. PMID: 27840496; PMCID: PMC5103537.

  16. Haque SD, Saha SK, Salma U, Nishi MK, Rahaman MS. Antibacterial Effect of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) leaf gel against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Mymensingh Med J. 2019 Jul;28(3):490-496. PMID: 31391416.

  17. Borges-Argáez R, Chan-Balan R, Cetina-Montejo L, Ayora-Talavera G, Sansores-Peraza P, Gómez-Carballo J, Cáceres-Farfán M. In vitro evaluation of anthraquinones from Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) roots and several derivatives against strains of influenza virus. Ind Crops Prod. 2019 Jun;132:468-475. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.02.056. Epub 2019 Mar 7. PMID: 32288269; PMCID: PMC7138392.

  18. Choi JG, Lee H, Kim YS, Hwang YH, Oh YC, Lee B, Moon KM, Cho WK, Ma JY. Aloe vera and its Components Inhibit Influenza A Virus-Induced Autophagy and Replication. Am J Chin Med. 2019;47(6):1307-1324. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X19500678. Epub 2019 Sep 10. PMID: 31505936.

  19. Goel S, Sinha DJ, Singh UP, Ahuja U, Haider N, Sharma N. Comparative evaluation of effect of chlorhexidine, Azadirachta indica (neem), and Aloe barbadensis miller (Aloe vera) on resin-dentin bond stabilization using shear bond testing: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent. 2019 May-Jun;22(3):300-304. doi: 10.4103/JCD.JCD_11_19. PMID: 31367118; PMCID: PMC6632631.

  20. Parvez MK, Al-Dosari MS, Alam P, Rehman M, Alajmi MF, Alqahtani AS. The anti-hepatitis B virus therapeutic potential of anthraquinones derived from Aloe vera. Phytother Res. 2019 Nov;33(11):2960-2970. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6471. Epub 2019 Aug 13. PMID: 31410907.

  21. Coelho FH, Salvadori G, Rados PV, Magnusson A, Danilevicz CK, Meurer L, Martins MD. Topical Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) Extract Does Not Accelerate the Oral Wound Healing in Rats. Phytother Res. 2015 Jul;29(7):1102-5. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5352. Epub 2015 Apr 16. PMID: 25891093.

  22. Zhang Y, Liu W, Liu D, Zhao T, Tian H. Efficacy of Aloe Vera Supplementation on Prediabetes and Early Non-Treated Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2016 Jun 23;8(7):388. doi: 10.3390/nu8070388. PMID: 27347994; PMCID: PMC4963864.

  23. Oryan A, Alemzadeh E, Mohammadi AA, Moshiri A. Healing potential of injectable Aloe vera hydrogel loaded by adipose-derived stem cell in skin tissue-engineering in a rat burn wound model. Cell Tissue Res. 2019 Aug;377(2):215-227. doi: 10.1007/s00441-019-03015-9. Epub 2019 Mar 28. PMID: 30923912.

  24. Peng C, Zhang W, Dai C, Li W, Shen X, Yuan Y, Yan L, Zhang W, Yao M. Study of the aqueous extract of Aloe vera and its two active components on the Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways in colorectal cancer cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Oct 28;243:112092. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112092. Epub 2019 Jul 15. PMID: 31319122.

  25. Iftkhar A, Hasan IJ, Sarfraz M, Jafri L, Ashraf MA. Nephroprotective Effect of the Leaves of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe Vera) against Toxicity Induced by Diclofenac Sodium in Albino Rabbits. West Indian Med J. 2015 Dec;64(5):462-467. doi: 10.7727/wimj.2016.052. Epub 2016 Apr 29. PMID: 27398602; PMCID: PMC4961332.

Google Scholar

  1. Mehrabi, Z., Firouzbakhsh, F., Rahimi-Mianji, G., & Paknejad, H. (2019). Immunostimulatory effect of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) on non-specific immune response, immune gene expression, and experimental challenge with Saprolegnia parasitica in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.01.025 

  2. Shi, X.-D., Nie, S.-P., Yin, J.-Y., Que, Z.-Q., Zhang, L.-J., & Huang, X.-J. (2017). Polysaccharide from leaf skin of Aloe barbadensis Miller: Part I. Extraction, fractionation, physicochemical properties and structural characterization. Food Hydrocolloids, 73, 176–183. doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.06.039 

  3. Borges-Argáez, R., Chan-Balan, R., Cetina-Montejo, L., Ayora-Talavera, G., Sansores-Peraza, P., Gómez-Carballo, J., & Cáceres-Farfán, M. (2019). In vitro evaluation of anthraquinones from Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) roots and several derivatives against strains of influenza virus. Industrial Crops and Products, 132, 468–475. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.02.056 

  4. Debnath, T., Ghosh, M., Lee, Y. M., Nath, N. C. D., Lee, K.-G., & Lim, B. O. (2017). Identification of phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity of Aloe barbadensis flower extracts. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 29(1), 27–38. doi:10.1080/09540105.2017.1358254 

  5. Chacón, O., & San Martíno, B. (2019). Effect of Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) associated with beta-lactam antibiotics on the occurrence of resistance in strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 100996. doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2019.100996 

  6. Kupnik, K., Primožič, M., Knez, Ž., & Leitgeb, M. (2021). Antimicrobial Efficiency of Aloe arborescens and Aloe barbadensis Natural and Commercial Products. Plants, 10(1), 92. doi:10.3390/plants10010092 

  7. Shi, X.-D., Yin, J.-Y., Zhang, L.-J., Li, O.-Y., Huang, X.-J., & Nie, S.-P. (2018). Studies on polysaccharides from leaf skin of Aloe barbadensis Miller: Part II. Structural characteristics and molecular properties of two lower molecular weight fractions. Food Hydrocolloids. doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.01.038 

  8. Hussain, S. A., Patil, G. R., Reddi, S., Yadav, V., Pothuraju, R., Singh, R. R. B., & Kapila, S. (2017). Aloe vera ( Aloe barbadensis Miller) supplemented probiotic lassi prevents Shigella infiltration from epithelial barrier into systemic blood flow in mice model. Microbial Pathogenesis, 102, 143–147. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2016.11.023 

  9. Ahluwalia, B., Magnusson, M. K., Isaksson, S., Larsson, F., & Öhman, L. (2016). Effects of Aloe barbadensis Mill. extract (AVH200®) on human blood T cell activity in vitro. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 179, 301–309. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.003 

  10. Ahluwalia, B., Magnusson, M. K., Böhn, L., Störsrud, S., Larsson, F., Savolainen, O., … Öhman, L. (2020). Randomized clinical trial: Effects of Aloe barbadensis Mill. extract on symptoms, fecal microbiota and fecal metabolite profiles in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterology & Motility. doi:10.1111/nmo.13860 

  11. Jeyaraj, M., Praphakar, R. A., Rajendran, C., Ponnamma, D., Sadasivuni, K. K., Munusamy, M. A., & Rajan, M. (2016). Surface functionalization of natural lignin isolated from Aloe barbadensis Miller biomass by atom transfer radical polymerization for enhanced anticancer efficacy. RSC Advances, 6(56), 51310–51319. doi:10.1039/c6ra01866a 

  12. Erhabor, J. O., & Idu, M. (2017). Aphrodisiac potentials of the ethanol extract of Aloe barbadensis Mill. root in male Wistar rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 17(1). doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1866-1 

  13. Jha, R. K., Prabhakar, P. K., Srivastav, P. P., & Rao, V. V. (2016). Influence of temperature on vacuum drying characteristics, functional properties and micro structure of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel. Research in Agricultural Engineering, 61(No. 4), 141–149. doi:10.17221/13/2014-rae 

  14. Donkor, A.-M., Donkor, M. N., & Kuubabongnaa, N. (2020). Evaluation of anti-infective potencies of formulated aloin A ointment and aloin A isolated from Aloe barbadensis Miller. BMC Chemistry, 14(1). doi:10.1186/s13065-020-0659-7 

ScienceDirect

  1. Aeri, V., Anantha Narayana, D. B., & Singh, D. (2020). Aloe barbadensis. Powdered Crude Drug Microscopy of Leaves and Barks, 133–136. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818092-1.00026-9 

  2. Chacón, O., & San Martíno, B. (2019). Effect of Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) associated with beta-lactam antibiotics on the occurrence of resistance in strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 100996. doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2019.100996 

  3. Comparin, B. C., Santos, C. H. M. dos, Dourado, D. M., Reichel, P. M. G., Paola, R. S. de, & Pontes, E. R. J. C. (2018). Treatment of rats anal fistula with glycerin Aloe barbadensis Miller extract. Journal of Coloproctology. doi:10.1016/j.jcol.2018.05.009 

  4. Mehrabi, Z., Firouzbakhsh, F., Rahimi-Mianji, G., & Paknejad, H. (2019). Immunostimulatory effect of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) on non-specific immune response, immune gene expression, and experimental challenge with Saprolegnia parasitica in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.01.025 

  5. Shi, X.-D., Nie, S.-P., Yin, J.-Y., Que, Z.-Q., Zhang, L.-J., & Huang, X.-J. (2017). Polysaccharide from leaf skin of Aloe barbadensis Miller: Part I. Extraction, fractionation, physicochemical properties and structural characterization. Food Hydrocolloids, 73, 176–183. doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.06.039 

  6. Ahluwalia, B., Magnusson, M. K., Isaksson, S., Larsson, F., & Öhman, L. (2016). Effects of Aloe barbadensis Mill. extract (AVH200®) on human blood T cell activity in vitro. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 179, 301–309. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.003 

  7. Borges-Argáez, R., Chan-Balan, R., Cetina-Montejo, L., Ayora-Talavera, G., Sansores-Peraza, P., Gómez-Carballo, J., & Cáceres-Farfán, M. (2019). In vitro evaluation of anthraquinones from Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) roots and several derivatives against strains of influenza virus. Industrial Crops and Products, 132, 468–475. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.02.056 

  8. Hussain, S. A., Patil, G. R., Reddi, S., Yadav, V., Pothuraju, R., Singh, R. R. B., & Kapila, S. (2017). Aloe vera ( Aloe barbadensis Miller) supplemented probiotic lassi prevents Shigella infiltration from epithelial barrier into systemic blood flow in mice model. Microbial Pathogenesis, 102, 143–147. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2016.11.023 

  9. Fehrmann-Cartes, K., Coronado, M., Hernández, A. J., Allende, M. L., & Feijoo, C. G. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of aloe vera on soy meal-induced intestinal inflammation in zebrafish. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.075 

  10. Ali, K., Dwivedi, S., Azam, A., Saquib, Q., Al-Said, M. S., Alkhedhairy, A. A., & Musarrat, J. (2016). Aloe vera extract functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles as nanoantibiotics against multi-drug resistant clinical bacterial isolates. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 472, 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.03.021

  11. Aldayel, T. S., Grace, M. H., Lila, M. A., Yahya, M. A., Omar, U. M., & Alshammary, G. (2020). LC-MS characterization of bioactive metabolites from two Yemeni Aloe spp. with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(4), 5040–5049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.02.003


Biblioteca virtual UAQ

  1. Características fisicoquímicas de la fibra de sábila (Aloe barbadensis). Cuba Farmacia Alimentos 2004, VII Encuentro Ibero Americano sobre las Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias: https://elibro.net/es/lc/bibliouaq/titulos/80661?as_all=Aloe__barbadensis&as_all_op=unaccent__icontains&prev=as


BioMed Research International

  1. Yimam, M., Jiao, P., Moore, B., Hong, M., Cleveland, S., Chu, M., … Do, S. G. (2016). Hepatoprotective Activity of Herbal Composition SAL, a Standardize Blend Comprised ofSchisandra chinensis,Artemisia capillaris, andAloe barbadensis. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2016, 1–10. doi:10.1155/2016/3530971

  2. López, Z., Núñez-Jinez, G., Avalos-Navarro, G., Rivera, G., Salazar-Flores, J., Ramírez, J. A., … Knauth, P. (2017). Antioxidant and Cytotoxicological Effects of Aloe vera Food Supplements. Journal of Food Quality, 2017, 1–10. doi:10.1155/2017/7636237

  3. Muñiz-Ramirez, A., Perez, R. M., Garcia, E., & Garcia, F. E. (2020). Antidiabetic Activity of Aloe vera Leaves. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020, 1–9. doi:10.1155/2020/6371201 

  4. Desalegn, A. Y., & Ahmed, M. R. (2020). Anticoccidial Activity of Aloe debrana and Aloe pulcherrima Leaf Gel against Eimeria Oocysts. Journal of Parasitology Research, 2020, 1–10. doi:10.1155/2020/8524973 

  5. Shi, Y., Wei, K., Lu, J., Wei, J., Hu, X., & Chen, T. (2020). A Clinic Trial Evaluating the Effects of Aloe Vera Fermentation Gel on Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, 2020, 1–9. doi:10.1155/2020/8867548 

  6. Shi, Y., Wei, K., Lu, J., Wei, J., Hu, X., & Chen, T. (2020). A Clinic Trial Evaluating the Effects of Aloe Vera Fermentation Gel on Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, 2020, 1–9. doi:10.1155/2020/8867548 

  7. Hashemi, S. A., Madani, S. A., & Abediankenari, S. (2015). The Review on Properties of Aloe Vera in Healing of Cutaneous Wounds. BioMed Research International, 2015, 1–6. doi:10.1155/2015/714216 

  8. Tariq, H., Zia, M., Ihsan-ul-Haq, Muhammad, S. A., Khan, S. A., Fatima, N., … Zhang, M. (2019). Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Protein Kinase Inhibition Potential in Aloe vera L. BioMed Research International, 2019, 1–14. doi:10.1155/2019/6478187 

  9. Asmerom, D., Kalay, T. H., & Tafere, G. G. (2020). Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of the Leaf Exudate of Aloe megalacantha Baker. International Journal of Microbiology, 2020, 1–6. doi:10.1155/2020/8840857 

  10. Asmerom, D., Kalay, T. H., & Tafere, G. G. (2020). Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of the Leaf Exudate of Aloe megalacantha Baker. International Journal of Microbiology, 2020, 1–6. doi:10.1155/2020/8840857 

  11. Gebremeskel, L., Bhoumik, D., Sibhat, G. G., & Tuem, K. B. (2018). In Vivo Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Leaf Latex of Aloe megalacantha Baker (Xanthorrhoeaceae). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2018, 1–7. doi:10.1155/2018/5037912 

  12. Hai, Z., Ren, Y., Hu, J., Wang, H., Qin, Q., & Chen, T. (2019). Evaluation of the Treatment Effect of Aloe vera Fermentation in Burn Injury Healing Using a Rat Model. Mediators of Inflammation, 2019, 1–9. doi:10.1155/2019/2020858 

  13. Taukoorah, U., & Mahomoodally, M. F. (2016). CrudeAloe veraGel Shows Antioxidant Propensities and Inhibits Pancreatic Lipase and Glucose MovementIn Vitro. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences, 2016, 1–9. doi:10.1155/2016/3720850 

  14. Jiang, M., Deng, K., Jiang, C., Fu, M., Guo, C., Wang, X., … Xin, H. (2016). Evaluation of the Antioxidative, Antibacterial, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of theAloeFermentation Supernatant ContainingLactobacillus plantarumHM218749.1. Mediators of Inflammation, 2016, 1–8. doi:10.1155/2016/2945650 

  15. Prakoso, Y. A., Setiyo Rini, C., & Wirjaatmadja, R. (2018). Efficacy of Aloe vera, Ananas comosus, and Sansevieria masoniana Cream on the Skin Wound Infected with MRSA. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences, 2018, 1–7. doi:10.1155/2018/4670569 

Springer Link

  1. Gong M., Lu X. (2015) Aloe barbadensis Miller 芦荟 (Luhui, Aloe vera). In: Liu Y., Wang Z., Zhang J. (eds) Dietary Chinese Herbs. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99448-1_66

  2. Kazlagić A., Lagumdžija A., Borovac B., Hamidović S., Abud O.A., Omanović-Mikličanin E. (2020) Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Fresh Leaf Extract of Aloe vera barbadensis Miller, Aloe vera and Sempervivum tectorum and Its Antimicrobial Activity Studies. In: Brka M., Omanović-Mikličanin E., Karić L., Falan V., Toroman A. (eds) 30th Scientific-Experts Conference of Agriculture and Food Industry. AgriConf 2019. IFMBE Proceedings, vol 78. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40049-1_42

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