Taraxacum officinale

Generalidades

Sinónimos: N/A

Nombre común:

Amargón, árnica, chicoria, diente de león (en la zona), chipule, endivia, lechuguilla de viejo (fuera de la zona)

Características generales:

Esta planta perenne con raíz primaria larga y roseta basal, suele alcanzar 40 cm de altura.​Tiene hojas alternas lanceoladas con una nervadura central, sin peciolo diferenciado, pinnatipartidas con lóbulos en forma triangular de márgenes dentados y agudos, a veces presenta microvellosidades. El tallo permanece siempre en un estado extremadamente acortado, es por esto que se denominan plantas acaulescentes.

Usos medicinales reportados.

  • Para tratar trastornos digestivos o gástricos. Es un depurativo natural para el hígado.

  • Usada como tratamiento de los cálculos renales.

  • Tiene efectos contra el estreñimiento y ayuda a eliminar el colesterol del organismo.

  • Como complemento en las dietas de personas que padecen de obesidad.

  • Usado también para disminuir el riesgo de desarrollar cataratas y degeneración macular.

Usos farmacológicos reportados.

  • Propiedades antidiabéticas

  • Activida nematicida

  • Actividad anticancerígena en líneas celulares pediátricas

  • Actividad antiinflamatoria

  • Actividad antioxidante

  • Efecto antidepresivo

  • Activación de macrófagos

  • Protector pulmonar

  • Efecto neuroprotector

  • Citotoxicidad

  • Efecto antiproliferativo en cáncer de mama

  • Actividad antimicrobiana

  • Actividad protectora en páncreas

Bibliografías

PUBMED

  1. Seo SW, Koo HN, An HJ, Kwon KB, Lim BC, Seo EA, Ryu DG, Moon G, Kim HY, Kim HM, Hong SH. Taraxacum officinale protects against cholecystokinin-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jan 28;11(4):597-9. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i4.597. PMID: 15641154; PMCID: PMC4250819.

  2. Nassan MA, Soliman MM, Ismail SA, El-Shazly S. Effect of Taraxacum officinale extract on PI3K/Akt pathway in DMBA-induced breast cancer in albino rats. Biosci Rep. 2018 Dec 21;38(6):BSR20180334. doi: 10.1042/BSR20180334. PMID: 30126855; PMCID: PMC6435453.

  3. Jedrejek D, Lis B, Rolnik A, Stochmal A, Olas B. Comparative phytochemical, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and haemostatic studies of Taraxacum officinale root preparations. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 Apr;126:233-247. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.017. Epub 2019 Feb 21. PMID: 30797873.

  4. Huang S, Meng N, Liu Z, Guo L, Dong L, Li B, Ye Q. Neuroprotective Effects of Taraxacum officinale Wigg. Extract on Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Stress in HT22 Cells via HO-1/Nrf2 Pathways. Nutrients. 2018 Jul 19;10(7):926. doi: 10.3390/nu10070926. PMID: 30029533; PMCID: PMC6073547.

  5. Liu L, Xiong H, Ping J, Ju Y, Zhang X. Taraxacum officinale protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Jul 20;130(2):392-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.029. Epub 2010 May 25. PMID: 20510343.

  6. Yoon HS, Park CM. Alleviated Oxidative Damage by Taraxacum officinale through the Induction of Nrf2-MAPK/PI3K Mediated HO-1 Activation in Murine Macrophages RAW 264.7 Cell Line. Biomolecules. 2019 Jul 18;9(7):288. doi: 10.3390/biom9070288. PMID: 31323756; PMCID: PMC6681201.

  7. Gao C, Kong S, Guo B, Liang X, Duan H, Li D. Antidepressive Effects of Taraxacum Officinale in a Mouse Model of Depression Are Due to Inhibition of Corticosterone Levels and Modulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 (Mkp-1) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf) Expression. Med Sci Monit. 2019 Jan 13;25:389-394. doi: 10.12659/MSM.912922. PMID: 30636257; PMCID: PMC6340315.

  8. Lis B, Jedrejek D, Rywaniak J, Soluch A, Stochmal A, Olas B. Flavonoid Preparations from Taraxacum officinale L. Fruits-A Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Hemostasis Studies. Molecules. 2020 Nov 18;25(22):5402. doi: 10.3390/molecules25225402. PMID: 33218202; PMCID: PMC7699217.

  9. Dong L, Dongzhi Z, Jin Y, Kim YC, Lee DS, Huang S, Panichayupakaranant P, Li B. Taraxacum officinale Wigg. Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in Murine Microglia through the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Am J Chin Med. 2020;48(2):445-462. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X20500238. Epub 2020 Mar 5. PMID: 32138531.

  10. Menke K, Schwermer M, Felenda J, Beckmann C, Stintzing F, Schramm A, Zuzak TJ. Taraxacum officinale extract shows antitumor effects on pediatric cancer cells and enhance mistletoe therapy. Complement Ther Med. 2018 Oct;40:158-164. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.03.005. Epub 2018 Mar 13. PMID: 30219442.

  11. Laquale S, Avato P, Argentieri MP, Candido V, Perniola M, D'Addabbo T. Nematicidal potential of Taraxacum officinale. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Oct;25(30):30056-30065. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2903-4. Epub 2018 Aug 9. Erratum in: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Sep 3;: PMID: 30094666.

  12. Wirngo FE, Lambert MN, Jeppesen PB. The Physiological Effects of Dandelion (Taraxacum Officinale) in Type 2 Diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud. 2016 Summer-Fall;13(2-3):113-131. doi: 10.1900/RDS.2016.13.113. Epub 2016 Aug 10. PMID: 28012278; PMCID: PMC5553762.

GOOGLE SCHOLAR

  1. G., C. B. S., H., F., C., Z. Y., N., T. R., & T., W. (2017, August 23). Academic journals - african journal of biotechnology - in vitro plant regeneration from ovules of taraxacum officinale and Taraxacum Koksaghyz. African Journal of Biotechnology. Retrieved October 12, 2021, from https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJB/article-abstract/5640FDF65800.

  2. Gomez, M. K., Singh, J., Acharya, P., Jayaprakasha, G. K., & Patil, B. S. (2018, May 26). Identification and quantification of phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, and bile acid‐binding capacity of Garnet Stem Dandelion (taraxacum officinale). Wiley Online Library. Retrieved October 12, 2021, from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1750-3841.14169.

  3. García-Carrasco, B., Fernandez-Dacosta, R., Dávalos, A., Ordovás, J. M., & Rodriguez-Casado, A. (2015, June 11). In vitro hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of leaf and root extracts of taraxacum officinale. MDPI. Retrieved October 12, 2021, from https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/3/2/38.

  4. M M I C R O B ical journal of Amin Mir et ... - researchgate. (n.d.). Retrieved October 12, 2021, from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohd-Amin-Mir/publication/305344801_Antimicrobial_Activity_of_Various_Extracts_of_Taraxacum_officinale/links/58b428c3aca2725b541c0a1f/Antimicrobial-Activity-of-Various-Extracts-of-Taraxacum-officinale.pdf.

SCIENCE DIRECT

  1. Chung Mu Park, Ji Young Park, Kyung Hee Noh, Jin Hyuk Shin, Young Sun Song, Taraxacum officinale Weber extracts inhibit LPS-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production via the NF-κB modulation in RAW 264.7 cells, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 133, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 834-842, ISSN 0378-8741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.015.

  2. Robert Domitrović, Hrvoje Jakovac, Željko Romić, Dario Rahelić, Žarko Tadić, Antifibrotic activity of Taraxacum officinale root in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 130, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 569-577, ISSN 0378-8741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.046.

  3. Lubna H. Tahtamouni, Noor M. Alqurna, Mariam Y. Al-Hudhud, Hameed A. Al-Hajj, Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) decreases male rat fertility in vivo, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 135, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 102-109, ISSN 0378-8741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.02.027.

  4. Janggyoo Choi, Kee Dong Yoon, Jinwoong Kim, Chemical constituents from Taraxacum officinale and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Volume 28, Issue 3, 2018, Pages 476-481, ISSN 0960-894X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.014.

  5. Michał Majewski, Bernadetta Lis, Jerzy Juśkiewicz, Katarzyna Ognik, Dariusz Jedrejek, Anna Stochmal, Beata Olas, The composition and vascular/antioxidant properties of Taraxacum officinale flower water syrup in a normal-fat diet using an obese rat model, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 265, 2021, 113393, ISSN 0378-8741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113393.

  6. K. Menke, M. Schwermer, J. Felenda, C. Beckmann, F. Stintzing, A. Schramm, T.J. Zuzak, Taraxacum officinale extract shows antitumor effects on pediatric cancer cells and enhance mistletoe therapy, Complementary Therapies in Medicine, Volume 40, 2018, Pages 158-164, ISSN 0965-2299, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2018.03.005.

SPRINGER LINK

  1. Jang, M., Jeong, SW., Cho, SK y col. Efectos antiinflamatorios de 4 extractos de plantas medicinales en células RAW 264.7 inducidas por lipopolisacáridos. Food Sci Biotechnol 22, 213–220 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-013-0069-x

  2. Carceller, MS, Sánchez, RA La influencia del fitocromo en el intercambio de agua de las células epidérmicas de Taraxacum officinale . Experientia 28, 364 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01928743