Surgery Breast Cancer from World Championship
Surgery to remove breast cancer. There are two main types of surgery to remove breast cancer: Breast-conserving surgery (also called a lumpectomy, quadrantectomy, partial mastectomy, or segmental mastectomy) – A surgery in which only the part of the breast containing the cancer is removed.
Surgery is a technology consisting of a physical intervention on tissues.
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Surgery for Breast Cancer
Most women with breast cancer have some type of surgery as part of their treatment. There are different types of breast surgery, and it may be done for different reasons, depending on the situation. For example, surgery may be done to:
Remove as much of the cancer as possible (breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy)
Find out whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes under the arm (sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection)
Restore the breast’s shape after the cancer is removed (breast reconstruction)
Relieve symptoms of advanced cancer
Surgery to remove breast cancer
There are two main types of surgery to remove breast cancer:
Breast-conserving surgery (also called a lumpectomy, quadrantectomy,partial mastectomy, or segmental mastectomy) – A surgery in which only the part of the breast containing the cancer is removed. The goal is to remove the cancer as well as some surrounding normal tissue. How much of the breast is removed depends on the size and location of the tumor and other factors.
Mastectomy – A surgery in which the entire breast is removed, including all of the breast tissue and sometimes other nearby tissues. There are several different types of mastectomies. Some women may also get a double mastectomy, in which both breasts are removed.
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Choosing between breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy
Many women with early-stage cancers can choose between breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and mastectomy. The main advantage of BCS is that a woman keeps most of her breast. But in most cases she will also need radiation. Women who have mastectomy for early stage cancers are less likely to need radiation.
For some women, mastectomy may be a better option, because of the type of breast cancer, the large size of the tumor, previous treatment history, or certain other factors.
Some women might be worried that having a less extensive surgery might raise their risk of the cancer coming back. But the fact is, in most cases, mastectomy does not give you any better chance of long-term survival or a better outcome from treatment. Studies following thousands of women for more than 20 years show that when BCS can be done along with radiation, having a mastectomy instead does not provide any better chance of survival.
Types of breast cancer surgery
Find out about the different types of surgery for breast cancer.
Types of surgery
There are many different types of surgery for breast cancer. The type you have depends on:
the size of the cancer
where the cancer is in your breast
the size of your breasts
your personal wishes and feelings
Surgery to remove just the area of cancer
Surgery to remove the area of cancer in the breast is called wide local excision or lumpectomy. Doctors may also call it breast conserving surgery.
The surgeon takes away the cancer and a border of healthy tissue all around it. They leave behind as much healthy breast tissue as possible.
You usually have radiotherapy to the breast after this type of surgery.
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Surgery to remove your whole breast
Some women need surgery to remove their whole breast (mastectomy). Or they might choose to have this operation. The surgeon removes the breast tissue (including the skin and nipple) and the tissues that cover the chest muscles.
Very rarely, the surgeon removes the muscles of the chest wall as well. This is called a radical mastectomy.
You might have radiotherapy after a mastectomy if there is a risk of the cancer coming back in:
the chest wall
the area of the scar
the nearby lymph glands
Breast reconstruction
After mastectomy, you might want to have breast reconstruction. This means the surgeon creates a new breast shape for you.
Your surgeon will talk to you about the different options for breast reconstruction before your operation.
You might have it at the same time as the operation to remove the breast (immediate reconstruction), or some time later (delayed reconstruction).
Removing the lymph nodes
Cancer cells might have spread into the lymph nodes close to the breast.
Lymph nodes are found in many parts of the body. They filter out bacteria and damaged cells from the lymphatic fluid, and contain cells that fight infection.
Your doctor will check your lymph nodes for cancer cells before or during the operation to remove the breast cancer.
If there are cancer cells in your lymph nodes, your surgeon will remove most or all of the nodes under your arm. You might have this during a second operation.
Having your operation
You have surgery for breast cancer under general anaesthetic. You are asleep the whole time.
Many people now have breast surgery as a day case or go home the following day.
If you have breast reconstruction you are more likely to be in hospital for 4 to 7 days.
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Breast cancer surgery may have psychological and social impact, in addition to the physical effects; and these changes may affect your sense of femininity and sexuality. Your integrative care team at CTCA®includes clinicians from multiple disciplines to help address these issues and enhance your overall well-being before, during and after breast cancer surgery:
Prior to breast cancer surgery, your care team will explain what you can expect for recovery, answer any questions you may have, and help you feel comfortable with the upcoming procedure.
During breast cancer surgery, your anesthesiologist will keep you safe, comfortable and help reduce post-operative nausea and pain. A pathologist will evaluate tissue samples as they are removed and provide immediate information to your surgeon to facilitate optimal removal of the tumor, helping to reduce the likelihood that you will have to undergo multiple surgeries.
After breast cancer surgery, our pain management practitioners are available to help control your pain, and our mind-body therapists may provide counseling. Our rehabilitation therapists may help you regain strength and manage problems with muscle spasm, tightness or lymphedema. If reconstruction is not performed immediately, an image enhancement specialist is available to help you find ways to look and feel better.
Breast cancer treatment
The goal of treating early and locally-advanced breast cancers (stages I, II and III) is to get rid of the cancer and keep it from coming back.
Treatment includes some combination of:
These treatments are designed to remove the cancer from the breast and destroy any cancer that might still be in the body.
Your breast cancer treatment plan is based on both medical and personal choices.
Together, you and your health care provider make breast cancer treatment decisions. After you get a recommended treatment plan from your provider, take time to study your treatment options and make thoughtful, informed decisions. Each treatment option has risks and benefits to consider along with your own values and lifestyle.
Your treatment is tailored to:
Your specific breast cancer (the biology of the tumor)
The stage of the breast cancer
Your overall health, age and other medical issues
Your personal preferences
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List of Disease in alphabetic order
Local therapy
Local therapy removes the cancer from a limited (local) area, such as the breast, chest wall or lymph nodes in the underarm area.
It also helps ensure the cancer doesn’t come back in that area.
Local therapy involves surgery, with or without radiation therapy to the breast area.
Systemic therapy (adjuvant therapy)
The goal of systemic therapy is to get rid of cancer cells that may have spread from the breast to other parts of the body. These cells are too small to see on scans or to measure with lab tests.
Systemic therapy uses drug therapies that travel throughout the body to get rid of cancer cells. It includes chemotherapy, hormone therapy andtargeted therapy.
Some drug therapies are given by vein (through an IV) and others are given in pill form.
Because systemic therapy is used in addition to (an adjunct to) breast surgery, these treatments are often called adjuvant therapy.
Learn about factors that affect treatment options.
Managing side effects (palliative care) and supportive care
Managing side effects and supportive care are important parts of breast cancer treatment.
Palliative care aims to prevent or relieve side effects (such as pain ornausea).
Supportive care includes palliative care as well as care of your emotional, social, spiritual and practical needs.
How age affects your treatment plan
No matter your age, your treatment plan depends on many factors, such astumor stage, tumor grade, hormone receptor status and HER2 status.
Your overall health and other health conditions also play a role.
For example, if you have heart disease, some medications used to treat breast cancer can do more harm than good.
All of these things, as well as your age, are considered when planning your treatment.
Young women
Young women with breast cancer may have special concerns about early menopause and loss of fertility due to treatment.
Learn about these issues for young women with breast cancer.
Your health care team
Throughout your treatment and beyond, you will get care from many health care providers.
Your health care team may include:
Physicians involved in cancer treatment (oncologists, surgeons, radiation oncologists)
Physicians involved in other care for people with breast cancer (radiologists, pathologists, genetic counselors and others)
Nurses
Dietitians
Social workers
Physical therapists
Palliative care or pain specialists
Patient navigators
Pharmacists
Other providers
These professionals may be involved in your care during diagnosis, treatment and recovery.
Learn about choosing a physician.
Transportation, lodging, child care and elder care assistance
If you need help getting to and from treatments or if you (or your family) need a place to stay overnight while getting treatment, there are programs that can help.
There are also programs to help with the cost of child care and elder care while you are undergoing treatment.
Learn about transportation, lodging, child care and elder care assistance programs.
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