• Dastagiri M.B. and T.K. Immanuel raj “Supermarket Supply Chains in Horticulture in India: The Novel Marketing Models, Effects and Policies”. Agrotechnology, USA, Vol 1, issue 2, 2012, PP1-7.

• Dastagiri M.B. "The seed laws of Asian countries under the WTO and IPR regime: A paradigm shift” Out Look on Agriculture, United Kingdom, December 2008. PP. 297-301.

• Dastagiri M.B. “The effect of government expenditure on promoting livestock GDP and reducing rural poverty in India” Out Look on Agriculture, U.K, June 2010. PP 127-133.

• Dastagiri M.B. et.al. “Marketing Efficiency of India’s Horticultural Commodities Under Different Supply Chains” Out Look on Agriculture, United Kingdom, December 2012, Vol 41 issue 4. PP. 271-278.

• Dastagiri M.B. ‘Analysis of Economic Indicators in Overseas Markets for Indian Tea & Coffee. Out Look on Agriculture, United Kingdom, Vol 46, Issue 1, 2017, PP. 1-5.

• Dastagiri M.B. “New Economics: Nature’s Laws” Journal of Global Economics, USA. Vol.1, Issue 1, 2013, PP. 1-5.

• Dastagiri M.B. et al. “Global Agricultural Policies: Reforms and Future Agriculture” Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Science PG, USA, 2013; 2(1):11-22.

• Dastagiri M.B. et al. Indian Vegetables: Production Trends, Marketing Efficiency and Export Competitiveness”. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, Science PG, USA, May 2013; 1(1):1-11.

• M. B. Dastagiri, T. K Immanuel raj, Ganesh Gouda I. Patil. India’s Self, Cross & Often Cross Pollinated Crops İn The Global Crop Production: Mendelian Variation Perspectives. Science Discovery. USA. Vol. 1, No. 3, 2013, pp. 16-27.

New Indian Seeds Bill: Stakeholders’ Policy Advocacies to Enact

B L Manjunatha

1

, D U M Rao

2

, M B Dastagiri

3

, J P Sharma

4

and R Roy Burman

1

New Indian Seeds Bill: Stakeholders’ Policy Advocacies to Enact

B L Manjunatha

1

, D U M Rao

2

, M B Dastagiri

3

, J P Sharma

4

and R Roy Burman

New Indian Seeds Bill: Stakeholders’ Policy Advocacies to Enact

B L Manjunatha

1

, D U M Rao

2

, M B Dastagiri

3

, J P Sharma

4

and R Roy Burman

5

1

Corresponding Author:

Scientist, Division of Transfer of Technology, Training and Production

Economics, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, J

New Indian Seeds Bill: Stakeholders’ Policy Advocacies to Enact

B L Manjunatha

1

, D U M Rao

2

, M B Dastagiri

3

, J P Sharma

4

and R Roy Burman

5

1

Corresponding Author:

Scientist, Division of Transfer of Technology, Training and Production

Economics, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, J

BL Manjunatha1*, DUM Rao2, MB Dastagiri3, JP Sharma4 and R Roy Burman5 “ New Indian Seed Bill:- Stakeholder’s Policy Advocacies to Enact”. Journal of Intellectual Property Rights, 2016. March (21), 73-78.

Manjunatha B.L.1,Rao D.U.M.2, Sharma J.P.2, Burman R.Roy2, Hajong Dipika3, Dastagiri M.B.3, Sumanth kumar V.4 “Factors Affecting Accessibility, Use and Performance of Quality Seeds in Andhra Pradesh and Bihar: Farmers’ Experiences” Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development: 2015, 10(1), 130-145.

Exclusive Interview with World Champion 2019

Professor Madiga Bala Dastagiri, The world's most influential Superstar in

Agriculture (Foreign Trade Policy)

Question: What are your recommendations to improve the standards of journals publishing research articles on agricultural economics?

Answer:

• • • International Scholars, think globally and act locally on new knowledge, new innovations and new ideas: this is the prophecy of any country’s development. New knowledge, new innovations and new ideas are important scientific tools which improve marginal productivity of man and etc which will enable further development.

• • 1. The quality of a journal depends on:

• • • The authors,

    • The reviewers and

    • The editors. Peer review and editing is the key factor to improve the quality

• • 1. Adapting to the changes happening in the field of study (in our case, Agriculture and Agriculture Economics)

    2. Expanding the aim and scope as per the demands of community.

    3. Biasedness need to be checked. Unbiased invitation for submissions to various research institutes should be done on a regular basis.

    4. User friendly web based system is the need of the hour. Easy access to full txt content, search, submissions and reviews is really necessary for all the age groups.

    5. The researchers in the early stages of their career can benefit from the templates for various forms of articles, if provided by the Journals.

    6. Serious thoughts need to be given to the impact factor and the global outreach. A research gives more importance to publishing in a journal with high impact factor.

    7. A journal should encourage the authors to give citations to work published in that particular journal. Many journals belonging to NPG, Elsevier, etc., encourage such self-citations.

    8. High-quality journals in the arts and humanities typically have much lower citation counts than journals in science and medicine. Thus, Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) measures citation impact by weighting citations based on the total number of citations in a subject field. The journals need to focus on tools such as SNIP, the SC Imago Journal Rank (SJR). With SJR, the subject field, quality and reputation of the journal has a direct effect on the numerical weighting given to each citation.

Question: What are your recommendations to improve syllabus of agriculture for more creativity, applications and opportunities?

Answer:

• • • Global Agricultural Vision is changing from removal of Hunger, Poverty, Food Security, Nutritional Security, and Climate Change to Economic Opportunities/income security.

    • Researchers, policy makers, governments or think tank institutes are unable to capture and suggest the effect of agricultural policies on production, inflation, poverty and farmer’s welfare.

    • Think Global and act locally prophecy”.

    • Conduct applied research programs to analyse business and public policy issues and respond to high-priority societal needs.

• • 1. Enhance the use of economic principles and research methods in solving economic problems through disciplinary research and graduate education.

    2. Develop targeted extension and outreach educational programs to teach the use of economic and business principles in decision making process.

Question: What is agricultural economics? What are the major branches in agriculture?

Answer:

• • • “Agricultural economics is the application of economic principles to agriculture,” To perceive agricultural economics as being limited only to the economics of farming and ranching operations would be incorrect.

These operations account for only 2% to 4% of the nation’s output. Actually, the scope of agricultural economics goes well beyond the farm gate to encompass a broader range of food- and fiber-related activities.

When viewed from this broader perspective, the agricultural sector accounts for approximately 12% to 15% of the nation’s output.

• • • Agricultural economics is an applied social science that deals with how producers, consumers, and societies use scarce and natural resources in the production, processing, marketing, and consumption of food and fiber products.

Branches of agriculture, namely;

• • 1. Agronomy

    2. Horticulture

    3. Forestry

    4. Animal Husbandry

    5. Fishery Science

    6. Agricultural Engineering

    7. Home Science

    8. Plant protection

    9. Food technology …..etc

Question: What are your recommendations to frame guidelines on funding of research projects on agriculture?

Answer:

• • • World Bank,

    • FAO,

    • CGIAR,

    • NARES

The above mentioned institutions’ guide lines must be uniform as they follow on the basis of output and outcomes.

Literature: ELIGIBILITY NORMS FOR IDENTIFYING EXPERT ORGANIZATION(S)/EXPERT(S)

FOR R&D PROJECTS

The eligibility norms for identifying expert organization(s)/expert(s) for R&D projects, by the Sectional Committee, are as follows:

a) Small R&D Project: Members of Sectional Committee (individual expert or entity) and may include ex/retired BIS Scientific Officers. This may also include individuals representing an organization who may be able to take up the project independently.

b) Large R&D Projects: Members of Sectional Committee having expertise in the concerned fields. Normally, it may be given to institutions/organizations (entity) only. In exceptional cases, it may be given to experts in individual capacity with proven credentials.

FUNDING

The mode of payment for Small R&D projects would be as follows:

• • 1. First instalment up to a maximum of 30% of the total approved project cost would be released after approval of the project by the screening committee and submission of undertaking by the grantee institution/expert.

    2. After mid-term review by the Sectional Committee

    3. and submission of utilization certificate for the fund released, if any and submission of the final working draft and approval thereof by the Sectional Committee, fund to the extent of 50% of the total approved project cost would be released. In cases where fund has not been released initially, fund to the extent of 80% of the total approved project cost shall be released.

    4. After submission of the final project report along with utilization certificate for the fund released, the balance amount shall be released upon the finalization of the draft for adoption and

    5. Publication by the Sectional Committee.

The mode of payment for Large R&D projects would be as follows:

• • 1. First instalment up to a maximum of 50% of the total approved project cost would be released after approval of the project by the screening committee and submission of undertaking by the grantee institution(s)/ expert(s).

    2. After mid-term review by the Sectional Committee and submission of utilization certificate for the fund released, if any and submission of the final working draft/validation of test method(s)and approval thereof by the Sectional Committee, fund to the extent of 30% of the total approved project cost would be released. In cases where fund has not been released initially, fund to the extent of 80% of the total approved project cost shall be released.

    3. After submission of the final project report along with the utilization certificate for the fund released, and subsequent final review, the balance amount shall be released upon the finalization of the draft for adoption and publication by the Sectional Committee.

Question: How can universities produce revolutionary PhD and Post Doc thesis and dissertations on Agricultural trade and policies? What are your recommendations to improve the academic standards?

Answer:

• • • New knowledge, new innovations and new ideas: International Scholars, think globally and act locally is the prophecy of any country development.

• • 1. Research questions need to be operational in the sense that it should be possible to give a specific answer to them.

    2. A thorough empirical research with the a literature overview, analysis of data, trends using specific tools such Stata, R can help in strengthening the thesis

    3. The topics of thesis should be qualitative enough to be considered as revolutionary, path breaking.

Question: How can students seek job and career opportunities in agriculture?

Answer: A degree in agriculture gives the knowledge and skills to either manage agricultural businesses, or work in the areas of agricultural sales, food production and farming journalism or extensive research in welfare and development and technology that can help in improving the quality.

Question: What job titles are available in agriculture?

Answer:

• • 1. Agriculture farming assistant

    2. Sales executive

    3. Agriculture field officer

    4. Field officer

    5. Fertilizer sales representative

    6. Horticulture supervisor trainee

    7. Landscaping engineer

    8. Agriculture advisor

    9. Lab assistants in milk bluk collers or chilling centres

    10. Technical coordinator for production units

    11. Nursery manager

    12. Customer service representative for Kisan call centres

    13. Soil quality officer

    14. Land Geomatics officer

    15. Social forestry officer

    16. Grafting expert/plant breeder

    17. Budding/tissue culture expert

Question: Which are typical employers in agriculture?

Answer

• • • Corporates, MNC, TNC,

    • Input and Output companies

    • Trade Organizations

    • FARMERS

    • Large farm estates and smaller farms

    • Research institutes

    • Agricultural colleges

    • Farm management consultancy firms

    • Food production/manufacturing companies

    • Government

Question: What are your recommendations to advance Marketing efficiency of horticultural commodities markets?

Answer The marketing efficiency of selected commodities could be significantly enhanced through interventions such as

• • • E-commerce, Digital Marketing, International Market signals and intelligence

    • Foresight of Demand and Supply

    • In the Globalization era the global supply chain model must be connecting producers directly with exporters and importers or consumers of importing countries. This is possible digitalization of data and single window processing

    • Global supply chains and Global value chains

• • 1. scaling up the volume of produce handled through technology and institutions,

    2. integrating various markets through better transport facilities to reduce costs,

    3. regular information flows to farmers about prevailing wholesale market prices for commodities,

    4. providing market intelligence support to farmers, particularly on when to grow crops and making suitable seed available,

    5. Improving basic infrastructure in the market yard, and enforcing government regulations for free and fair marketing practices.

    6. Scientific, planned and organizing required as per demand and supply position in international and local markets. This would increase producer’s income and living standard. In developing countries like South Asia, East Asia, Latin America and Africa the supply channels are lengthy and middlemen are involved. In this connection Digital India will help and save valuable time for farmer, organizer and government institutions at various levels of exports. The exporter has an access to various

    7. resources available at government level. In the Globalization era the global supply chain model must be connecting producers directly with exporters and importers or consumers of importing countries. This is possible digitalization of data and single window processing.

Question: Please provide comprehensive list of journals in agriculture?

Answer

• • 1. Agricultural Economics

    2. Agr Econ Czech

    3. Agrekon

    4. American Journal of Agricultural Economics

    5. Annual Review of Resource Economics

    6. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy

    7. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics

    8. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics

    9. China Agricultural Economic Review

    10. Custos e Agronegocio

    11. European Review of Agricultural Economics

    12. Food Policy

    13. German Journal of Agricultural Economics

    14. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review

    15. ITEA-Informacion Tecnica Economica Agraria

    16. Journal of Agricultural Economics

    17. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics

    18. Journal of Econometrics

    19. American Journal of Political Science

    20. Nature Climate Change

    21. Review of Economics and Statistics

    22. American Political Science Review

    23. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety

    24. International Journal of Food Science and Technology

    25. International Journal of Economic Research

    26. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research

    27. World Journal of Agricultural Research

Question: What are your recommendations to write a world class research article in agricultural economics? What essential components and factors must be there?

Answer

• • • New Ideas, Innovations, Technologies, Vision

    • A systematic approach to scientific writing

    • What is the problem?

    • What has been done before?

    • What was missing?

    • What was done to fill the gap?

    • How did the results fill the gap?

    • What did we learn?

    • Importance of a co-author

Literature: Structure of methodology

Conceptual framework: Identification of main concepts for problem at hand and possible solutions Hypothesized relationship

Empirical framework: Variables to approximate and measure concepts Functional form of relationships between variables

Study design: Design of survey or trial Randomization procedure Target population Size of sample or replicates

Implementation of study/ data collection: Study area Period of the study People who organized the study and collected data Data collected, variables measured Instruments used to measure variables Ethical clearance of study

Analysis: Methods of analysis for different objectives

Question: What are your recommendations to write a world class case report in agricultural economics? What essential components and factors must be there?

Answer

• • • Public policy, Research communication, Political and policy maker’s inspiration

    • Know your readership

    • What will the paper be used for?

    • By what channels will it circulate?

    • Who are all the people, now and in the future, who may read your text?

    • What is their educational background?

    • What are your readers concerned with? What are their goals, values, needs, and constraints?

    • How will you make it easy for busy people to read and use your text?

    • Which are the most effective arguments and approaches that you can use to raise interest among your readers and possibly convince them?

    • What objections might your readers raise?

Language

Written language is different from oral language, and academic writing is different from journalistic writing. Well-written papers will always have more impact than carelessly-written work.

Structure

• • • Introduction,

    • Main body of the paper (usually sub-divided into several sections, including analytical framework and/or methodology and results),

    • Conclusions,

    • List of references,

    • Abstract (which often appears at the beginning of the paper).

Question: What are your recommendations to write a world class review in agricultural economics? What essential components and factors must be there?

Answer

• • • The writer should exercise in collection and documentations of global New knowledge, new innovations and new ideas and disseminate to NARS system.

Question: What are your recommendations to improve employment and scope in agriculture?

Answer: Since ages in developing countries agriculture has not been given much importance because of its less contribution to GDP. Contrastingly, Agriculture provide sizeble employment. Politicians they are not given much importance to agriculture in budget allocation.

For rural unemployment youth, agriculture is the main sector for employment opportunities. Provided governments will establish knowledge commission, Skill commission and provide training and capacity building in entrepreneurship and business

Question: What are major challenges in Horticultural export markets and what are your recommendations to tackle them?

Answer:

• • • Increased “Protectionism”

    • Geopolitical issues

    • Changes in Demographics

    • Sustainable Production Practices

Export from India has experienced instability primarily in the developing countries. Demand for India’s exports was found to be elastic to both relative prices and income of the importing countries.

Recommendations

Reforms needed to shift Indian farming from traditional farming to an agribusiness sector and develop linkages farmers to super markets and export markets is a key driver for industrialization of agriculture.

India should develop modern supply chains and apply multispeed straggles of exports. Scientific, planned and organizing required to fore see demand and supply position in international and local markets.

Question: What are your views on Global Agricultural Policies with reference to Genetically Modified Crops?

Answer:

• • • Geo-Politicization of science. GM crops done well South America, US, Europe. At the same time many parts of the world scientists are not able to convince stake-holders. GM crops have more advantage than disadvantages.

    • Policy makers are felt that food security is not in threat so their polices not towards GM crops.

Question: How do you see WTO Agreements and Trade liberalization in agriculture sector, after recent conflict on trade war between United States and China?

Answer:

• • • Breaking the WTO’s dispute settlement process.

    • WTO is at cross road : The dispute resolution mechanism is in crisis and that failure to resolve this crisis runs the risk of returning the world trading system to a power-based free-for-all, allowing big players to act unilaterally and use retaliation to get their way.

Question: How can ‘Investments in livestock sector’ boost farmer’s income, what are the major challenges and how can it contribute in rural development?

Answer:

• • • Livestock plays important role Integrated Farming Model (IFS model), which is the farmer income stabilization model.

The livestock sector plays a significant role in the welfare of rural population of India. Of the total households in the rural area, about 73 per cent own livestock. More importantly, small and marginal farmers account for three quarters of these households. Income from livestock production accounts for 15-40 per cent of the total farm household’s income in different states. Thus, an increase in demand for livestock products, can be a major factor in raising the income and living standards of the rural households which projects the fact that ‘Investments in livestock sector’ has a greater potential to boost farmer’s income.

The major challenges can be Livestock products are high-valued commodities that involve high expenditure and exhibit high price elasticities. Thus the consumption behaviour reveals that rural population on an average consumes less quantities of livestock products than the urban population.

• • • Inadequate availability of credit.

    • Livestock derives a major part of their energy requirement from agricultural byproducts and residues. Hardly 5% of the cropped area is utilized to grow fodder. India is deficit in dry fodder by 11%, green fodder by 35% and concentrates feed by 28%. The common grazing lands too have been deteriorating quantitatively and qualitatively.

    • Poor accesses to organized markets deprive farmers of proper milk price.

    • Limited availability of quality breeding bulls.

    • Deficiency of vaccines and vaccination set-up.

    • Due to industrialization and Urbanization Majority of grazing lands are either degraded or encroached.

    • Diversion of feed and fodder ingredients for industrial use

    • Sound policies need to be made for enhancement of livestock sector

Livestock sector has the potential to increase the rural income and thus contribute in rural development

Question: Which major challenges do you see to establish India as world leader in agriculture?

Answer:

• • • Global knowledge must pass on to NARES institutions.

    • NAARM must acquaint, analyze global research knowledge on future technologies, inventions, income models.

    • Latitude based science, space technologies, farm computer, and global agricultural growth and policy coordination, climate financing, GM crops on Mars, understanding too many variable effects on agriculture, industrial farming, international agricultural education and transfer to capacity building of NARES System.

    • E-commerce, Internet Intelligence, Digital agriculture, scientific discoveries, big data boom. It must be a research intelligence think tank.

• • 1. Raising agricultural productivity per unit of land

    2. Reducing rural poverty through a socially inclusive strategy that comprises both agriculture as well as non-farm employment

    3. Ensuring that agricultural growth responds to food security needs

    4. Increasing farm income

    5. Taking care of debt issues

    6. Bringing in new technology

    7. International Agriculture Education: Basically, India’s agricultural education depends mostly “Make in India” concept. That will not work in long run during globalization. So, ICAR should introduce International agriculture as one of the subject for graduates and post graduates of SAU’S & NARES.

Question: Any other thing, you would like to share?

Answer:

Future Task:

• • • Global knowledge must pass on to NARES institutions.

    • NAARM must acquaint, analyze global research knowledge on future technologies, inventions, income models.

    • Latitude based science, space technologies, farm computer, and global agricultural growth and policy coordination, climate financing, GM crops on Mars, understanding too many variable effects on agriculture, industrial farming, international agricultural education and transfer to capacity building of NARES System.

    • E-commerce, Internet Intelligence, Digital agriculture, scientific discoveries, big data boom. It must be a research intelligence think tank.

International Institutions Think Tanks for Agriculture Development:

UNO: Food for hungry world, peace

Researchers: HYV’s, more productivity, more government oriented, not more Farmer oriented

Domestic Policies: Protectionism

International Policies: Dumping and more subsidies

Civil societies and NGO’s activists: Continuous communication, management, society welfare

WTO: Free trade, Favour consumer, Trade rules & regulation

World Bank and IMF: Zero interest, financial viability, AOI, Agricultural growth for the poor: an agenda for Development

Future: Technological efficiency, Robots, Mobile, Space Technologies

OECD: Enabling pro-poor, growth through agriculture

USAID: Aid to LDC’s, Linking producers to markets

DFID: Growth and poverty reduction

CGIAR: Global partnership for sustainable development, Global agricultural innovation network.

Bill & Milinda Gate: Agricultural development in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

IFPRI: innovative research programs

WEF on Agriculture: promoting market-based solutions to accelerate sustainable agricultural growth

G20, G77, G7: to tackle food price volatility and strengthen food security.

FAO: Hunger, poverty and climate change need to be tackled together. It must be a research intelligence think tank

CONTINENTWISE AGRICULTURAL MODEL: Developing countries need to study models thoroughly.

North America-USA, Canada, Mexico

Asia-India, China, Israel

Latin America –Brazil

Africa---South Africa

Australia

Europe- UK, Germany, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland

World Most Producing Countries –China, India, USA, Brazil

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