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The second part of the study of religious authority studies the Mormon Faith including Jewish and Christian concepts of religious authority
The modern day Mormon movement is comprised of a large body of believers, like the Baha'i Faith, aligned with a administrative center in Salt Lake, while other smaller denominations such as the Community of Christ in Missouri and caretaker of several early Mormon sites due to the family connection with the founder of Mormonism, Joseph Smith. While other groups have branched from the previous Salt Lake church denomination led in the early days by Brigham Young. Such as that led by George Williams, a Mormon prophet important to the Baha'is Under the Provisions of the Covenant, who founded the Church of the First Born in Deer Lodge, MT which no longer exists.
The question of authority and succession is pivotal. The concept of "First Born" like in the Baha'i authority chain, is a central question to the succession question in Mormonism. It led to the branching of the early community, with most following Brigham Young, west, while leaving those that disagreed with his leadership in their mid-west roots of Ohio, Illinois and Missouri.
Timeline:
1830 - First church organized
1844 - Assassination of Joseph Smith. In prison witness claims to have seen Joseph anoint his eldest son (surviving first born, age 11) his successor, Joseph III, The 12 Apostles, leadership of the Church, viewed as leaders of the Church, Brigham Young becomes president.
1860 - first attempt of creating Reorganized Church under Joseph III in Missouri.
1862 - Morrisite rebellion against Brigham Young in Weber, UT.
1863 - George Williams claims to receive revelation, sets up "Church of the First Born" in two stakes in Montana.
from wikipedia (accessed 8/13/16):
Lineal succession (Latter Day Saints)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lineal succession was a doctrine, largely abandoned in many denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement, whereby certain key church positions are held by right of lineal inheritance. Most frequently the offices connected with lineal succession are those of the President of the Church and the Presiding Patriarch.
Contents
Contents
Church President
Church President
During his lifetime, Joseph Smith was the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. At the time of Smith's assassination in 1844, most Latter Day Saints agreed that his older brother, Hyrum Smith, would have been Smith's successor, had he not also been assassinated. Another likely successor was Smith's younger brother Samuel, who died less than one month later. A few asserted that the last surviving Smith brother, William, should become church president, and William made that claim for a time and gathered a small faction of followers around him.
Many Latter Day Saints believed that a son of Joseph Smith should be the successor to the church presidency. Several prominent leaders asserted that a patriarchal blessing given to Smith's eldest son, Joseph Smith III, designated the boy to succeed his father. However, at the time of his father's death, Joseph III was only 11 years old.
As a result, many leaders arose who either argued against lineal succession or suggested that the church would have to wait for Joseph Smith III to mature. The largest group, led by Brigham Young, were proponents of a system whereby the senior member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles would succeed to the church presidency, absent any lineal succession. This system of apostolic succession continues in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).[1]
Other Latter Day Saints living in the Midwest United States continued to support lineal succession and in 1860, they invited Joseph Smith III to become president of what would later be called the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS Church), known today as Community of Christ. This church continued to appoint presidents who were patrilineal descendants of Joseph Smith until 1996, when President Wallace B. Smith (a great-grandson of the Latter Day Saint founder) designated W. Grant McMurray (who was unrelated to the Smiths) as his successor. Abandonment of lineal succession by the RLDS Church was a factor that caused a schism and foundation of several small Latter Day Saint churches, including the Remnant Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, which accepted Frederick Niels Larsen (a grandson of Frederick M. Smith through his daughter Lois) as its Prophet–President.
Presiding Patriarch
Presiding Patriarch
Most Latter Day Saints originally believed that the Presiding Patriarch of the church should be transmitted by lineal succession. The first Presiding Patriarch, Joseph Smith, Sr., was the father of the founding prophet. On his death bed, Joseph Sr. appointed his eldest living son, Hyrum Smith, Presiding Patriarch "by right" of inheritance. When Hyrum was assassinated in 1844, his youngest brother, the apostle William Smith, became Presiding Patriarch. William broke with Brigham Young, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, who was acting as President of the Church in Nauvoo, Illinois, in part over the office. William asserted that the Presiding Patriarch's title was "Patriarch over the Church" and Young argued for the less grand "Patriarch to the Church." William was later excommunicated by Young's faction, which became the LDS Church. William joined with James J. Strang, a rival claimant for the church presidency. Breaking with the Strangites, William eventually joined his nephew, Joseph Smith III, and the RLDS Church. William petitioned Joseph III to restore him to the office of Presiding Patriarch of the RLDS Church, but the re-appointment never occurred.
After William's death, Joseph Smith III reinstituted the office of Presiding Patriarch, appointing his brother Alexander Hale Smith to the office. Thereafter, the office of Presiding Patriarch in the RLDS Church remained within the Smith family and was passed by lineal succession until 1958. In that year, Church President W. Wallace Smith ended the tradition by calling Roy Cheville to be Presiding Patriarch. Today, Presiding Patriarchs of what is now the Community of Christ are known as "Presiding Evangelists."
After William Smith was excommunicated by Brigham Young, "Uncle" John Smith (brother of Joseph Smith, Sr.) was appointed by Young to be Presiding Patriarch of the LDS Church. After the death of Uncle John Smith, another John Smith (a son of Hyrum Smith) became Presiding Patriarch of the LDS Church. Thereafter, the majority of the Presiding Patriarchs of the LDS Church were descendants of Hyrum, in keeping with the tradition of lineal succession. The LDS Church ceased to include Presiding Patriarchs in its hierarchy after 1979.
Apostleship
Apostleship
In the LDS Church, some leaders have regarded the office of apostle as one that may be transmitted by lineal succession, though such a practice has never been formalized in the church. The following father–son apostle combinations have existed in the LDS Church:
Brigham Young selected and ordained three of his sons to be apostles at relatively young ages: Brigham Young, Jr., (age 29), John Willard Young (age 11), and John Willard Young (age 29).
John Taylor selected and ordained his son John W. Taylor to be an apostle at age 25.
Wilford Woodruff selected and ordained his son Abraham O. Woodruff to be an apostle at age 23.
Joseph F. Smith selected and ordained his sons Hyrum M. Smith (age 29) and Joseph Fielding Smith (age 33) as apostles. Joseph F. Smith was a son of Hyrum Smith, who was an apostle and the Assistant President of the Church.
all members of the three-generation George A. Smith, John Henry Smith, and George Albert Smith line were apostles.
all members of the three-generation Amasa Lyman, Francis M. Lyman, and Richard R. Lyman line were apostles.
all members of the three-generation Franklin D. Richards, George F. Richards, and LeGrand Richards line were apostles.
George Q. Cannon and his sons Sylvester Q. Cannon and Abraham H. Cannon were all apostles.
Jedediah M. Grant and his son Heber J. Grant were both apostles.
Marriner W. Merrill and his son Joseph F. Merrill were both apostles.
Matthias F. Cowley and his son Matthew Cowley were both apostles.
Additionally, the following grandfather–grandson apostle combinations have existed:
Interrelation of church offices with the Smith family
Interrelation of church offices with the Smith family
The following chart explains the inter-relationship of the offices of President of the Church (also known as "Prophet-President") and Presiding Patriarch (also known a Presiding Evangelist) in the Smith family, and the doctrine of Lineal succession, of pre and post-reorganization in the Community of Christ.
Ada Clark
1871–1914
Bertha Madison
1843–1896
1844–1904
Notes
Notes
Several relations of Joseph Smith have become President of the LDS Church (Joseph F. Smith, George Albert Smith, Joseph Fielding Smith), but they were appointed to the position by the church's regular apostolic succession and were not given preference based on their ancestry.
This page was last modified on 17 November 2014, at 03:23.
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