Biological Risk Factors

Biological Risk Factors Impacting Developmental Outcomes

Biological risks to healthy development include drug exposure, prematurity,

chronic medical conditions, genetic conditions, and difficult temperament traits.[16] As with other risk factors, the impact of biological risks on early development is often dependent on the stage of development and exposure to the risk(s). The affect of these risks are compounded by the presence of multiple environmental factors such as access to health care and early intervention, socioeconomic status, age of the parents, and other family/caregiver factors. If possible, knowing the biological parents’ medical history can indicate genetic predispositions. The biological and health background of a child can shed light on their current needs and the supports their parent/caregivers need to provide appropriate care. The Prenatal Environment

The prenatal environment influences development as soon as a baby is conceived. The biological mother and father’s genetic make-up, as well as the choices made by biological mothers while they are carrying their children, are two major components that shape individual development. Maternal and paternal genetics influence the developing fetus include: maternal disease such as Rubella and AIDS, chronic medical or genetic conditions. External influences on the fetus include the age of the mother, her diet/nutrition, drug use/abuse, domestic violence, and prolonged stress. These harmful prenatal factors contribute to cognitive and social emotional development delays in the child.

Following is a brief overview of specific biological risks to healthy early development.

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