Module 2 Handout 1

Handout 1: Attachment Styles

Children may exhibit one or many of these signs to indicate the style of attachment they have with their parent/caregiver.

Secure Attachment

• Separate from the parent without distress

• Seek comfort from the parent in times of distress

• Seek parent with positive emotion at time of reunion

• Demonstrate preference for the parent over others

• Self confidence

• Positive Self-esteem

• Autonomy

• Capacity to solve problems

• Satisfactory social relations

• Affective regulation

• Capacity to empathize

• Assertiveness

• Tolerance to frustration

Ambivalent-Insecure Attachment

• Shows hesitation at the introduction of a stranger into environment

• Demonstrates significant distress at the departure of the parent

• Does not seek the parent for comfort

• Does not appear consoled by the parent’s attempts at comforting during reunion

Avoidant-Insecure Attachment

• May refuse to engage with the parent

• Does not seek out the caregiver for comfort

• Shows no preference for the caregiver

• Will easily engage with the stranger

Disorganized-Insecure Attachment

• Shows a mix of behaviors, including resistance and avoidance.

• May seem as though his/she is dazed, confused, or apprehensive in the presence of the parent.

• Little or no self confidence

• Low self-esteem

• Behavior problems

• Learning difficulties

• Attention deficit

• Hyperactivity

• Impulsiveness

• Difficulties establishing close and healthy social relationships

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