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Alan Turing (1912-1954) skal ha sagt at "hvis en maskin ventes å være ufeilbarlig, kan den ikke være intelligent" (min oversettelse)
Hjernen lager hele tiden forventningsmodeller (hypoteser) om hvordan verden er og vil være, jfr. min forventningsresponshypotese
Når alle forventningsmodeller slår feil, vil hjernen generere helt nye hypoteser. Det krever mindre energi enn å oppdatere alle de gamle hypotesene…‽
Når de nye hypotesene kommer til uttrykk gjennom adferd, kaller man det intelligens, kreativitet, eller improvisasjon…‽
Intelligens/improvisasjon krever mot fordi adferden ofte bryter med gjengse verdensanskuelser.
György Buzsáki har skrevet om dette i boka "The Brain From Inside Out":
"Hjernen kommer med innebygd dynamikk selv uten tidligere erfaring; et rammeverk som lar hjernen gjette om konsekvenser av kroppens adferd, og den kontrollerer og filtrerer hvilke aspekter av verden som er verdt nøyere gransking." (min oversettelse)
Se også Improvisasjonshypotesen…
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“I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing.”
—Socrates (470-399BC)
“Knowing others is intelligence;
knowing yourself is true wisdom.
Mastering others is strength;
mastering yourself is true power.”
— Lao Tzu (604-531 BC)
“Dare to know! Have the courage to use your own intelligence!”
― Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
“I would prefer an intelligent hell to a stupid paradise.”
― Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)
“How is it that little children are so intelligent and men so stupid? It must be education that does it”
― Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870)
“Intelligence is based on how efficient a species became at doing the things they need to survive.”
― Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
“It takes something more than intelligence to act intelligently.”
― Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881)
“The fundamental cause of the trouble is that in the modern world the stupid are cocksure while the intelligent are full of doubt.”
― Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)
“Sensation tell us a thing is.
Thinking tell us what it is this thing is.
Feeling tells us what this thing is to us.”
― C.G. Jung (1875-1961)
"Insanity is repeating the same mistakes and expecting different results."
—Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
"The ant is a collectively intelligent and individually stupid animal; man is the opposite."
—Karl von Frisch (1886–1982)
“The ability to observe without evaluating is the highest form of intelligence.”
― Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895-1986)
“let me make a general observation—the test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in the mind at the same time, and still retain the ability to function. One should, for example, be able to see that things are hopeless and yet be determined to make them otherwise.”
— F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)
"Scientific progress is measured in units of courage, not intelligence."
—Paul Dirac (1902-1984)
"The whole function of the brain is summed up in: error-correction."
— W. Ross Ashby (1903-1972)
"The brain knows only the present and what it can construct from the present."
— W. Ross Ashby (1903-1972)
"Intelligent is as intelligent does."
— W. Ross Ashby (1903-1972)
"An organism should be as intelligent as its environment — no more, no less."
— W. Ross Ashby (1903-1972)
"Purpose … was the first phenomenon of life: the first step from a universe in which entropy and chaos held sway toward one in which purposes residing in organisms direct external physical processes and create new physical relationships”.
― William T. Powers (1926-2013)
"What magical trick makes us intelligent? The trick is that there is no trick. The power of intelligence stems from our vast diversity, not from any single, perfect principle."
― Marvin Minsky (1927-2016)
"What is intelligence, anyway? It is only a word that people use to name those unknown processes with which our brains solve problems we call hard. But whenever you learn a skill yourself, you're less impressed or mystified when other people do the same. This is why the meaning of 'intelligence' seems so elusive: It describes not some definite thing but only the momentary horizon of our ignorance about how minds might work."
― Marvin Minsky (1927-2016)
“Modern Americans behave as if intelligence were some sort of hideous deformity.”
― Frank Zappa (1940-1993)
“if one accepts Jean Piaget’s famous definition of mature intelligence as the ability to coordinate between multiple perspectives (or possible perspectives) one can see, here, precisely how bureaucratic power, at the moment it turns to violence, becomes literally a form of infantile stupidity.”
― David Graeber (1961-2020)
"Educators often think of building young minds that ideally make no errors. This view is an example of a bad error. Intelligence, creativity, and innovation will cease if people are prohibited from making errors."
― Gerd Gigerenzer
“There is an enormous difference between life and intelligent life.”
― Marcelo Gleiser
“The ability to speak does not make you intelligent.”
― George Lucas
"The paradox is that at the same time we've developed machines that behave more and more like humans, we've developed educational systems that push children to think like computers and behave like robots."
—Joichi Ito
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