Alt liv vi kjenner er organisk, og jordas biosfære er en kontinuerlig metabolsk omsetning som styres av gener, jfr. Postulatfri Universalhypotese…
Fra lenke 1 nedenfor:
"It is generally assumed that the complex map of metabolism is a result of natural selection working at the molecular level.
However, natural selection can only work on entities that have three basic features:
information,
metabolism and
membrane."
Fra Lenke 2:
"Membranes are very important, since they
separate metabolic pathways into compartments,
enable to build electrochemical gradients and
allow information to be individualized
The latter allows the cellular system to become selfish, which is an essential condition allowing natural selection during evolution"
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Cellen er grunnenheten for alt liv
Cellen har tre kjennetegn:
Membran; cellemembranen skiller innenfor og utenfor
Metabolisme; cellen omsetter molekyler og energi ved utveksling mellom innside og utside
Informasjon; cellekjernen inneholder informasjon (DNA) som styrer metabolismen
Informasjonen i cellekjernen (DNA) kan dessuten gjenskape cellen.
Alle komplekse systemer/fenomener er bygget av deler som samtidig er helhet; cellen er en helhet som inngår i et organ. Organet er en helhet som inngår i en organisme. Organismene inngår i biosfæren som er livet på jorda.
(James Lovelock (1919-2022) og Lynn Margulis (1938-2011) kalte dette for Gaia…‽)
Metabolsk omsetning av molekyler og energi drives av ulikheter (elektrokjemiske gradienter)
Livet drives av forskjeller; når forskjellene utjevnes, inntrer døden. Livet balanserer hele tiden på kanten i termodynamisk ulikevekt, mens homeostase sørger for balanse, jfr. lenke 4…
Likestilling betyr stillstand og død, omforent likeverd betyr framgang og fred…
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What Does It Mean To Be Thirsty?, Quanta Magazine, 2025-08-11
Ute Römling: Is biofilm formation intrinsic to the origin of life?, Experimental Microbiology, 2022-08-21 (PMC)
Lenke 1: From prebiotic chemistry to cellular metabolism—The chemical evolution of metabolism before Darwinian natural selection, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2007-11-21
Lenke 2: Vitamin D and evolution: Pharmacologic implications, Biochemical Pharmacology, 2020-02-20
Lenke 3: Axel Kleidon: Life, hierarchy, and the thermodynamic machinery of planet Earth, Physics of Life Reviews, 2010-10-12
Lenke 4: Walter Bradford Cannon: Homeostasis (1932), Panarchy (min avskrift)
Lenke 5: James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis: Atmospheric homeostasis by and for the biosphere: the gaia hypothesis, Tellus, 1974-02 (PDF)
Lenke 6: Kenneth H. Nealson and Pamela G. Conrad: Life: past, present and future, Phil. Trans. Royal Society B, 1999-12-29
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“Πάντα ῥεῖ καὶ οὐδὲν μένει. (panta rhei kai ouden menei)
(Everything changes, and no thing abides.)”
— Heraclitus (535-475BC)
“The unlike is joined together, and from differences results the most beautiful harmony.”
— Heraclitus (535-475BC)
“Nothing endures but change.”
— Heraclitus (535-475BC)
“Each man calls barbarism whatever is not his own practice.”
― Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592)
"winds are produced by differences of air temperature, and hence density, between two regions of earth."
— Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647)
"One can state, without exaggeration, that the observation of and the search for similarities and differences are the basis of all human knowledge."
— Alfred Nobel (1833-1896)
"The general struggle for existence of animate beings is not a struggle for raw materials, these for organisms are air water & soil, all abundantly available, nor for energy which exists in plenty in the sun and any hot body in the form of heat, but rather a struggle for entropy, which becomes available through the transition of energy from the hot sun to the cold earth."
― Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906)
"The problem is not how to wipe out all differences, but how to unite with all differences intact."
― Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941)
"Two roads diverged in a wood and I - I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference."
— Robert Frost (1874-1963)
“Attitude is a little thing that makes a BIG difference.”
― Winston S. Churchill (1874-1965)
"Consciousness is only possible through change; change is only possible through movement."
― Aldous Huxley (1894-1963)
"Look at the piano. You'll notice that there are white notes and black notes. Figure out the difference between them and you'll be able to make whatever kind of music you want."
—George Gershwin (1898-1937)
"People at the top are closing ranks so tightly that all possibility of subjective deviation has gone, and difference can be sought only in the more distinguished cut of an evening dress."
― Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969)
“The major problems in the world are the result of the difference between how nature works and the way people think”
― Gregory Bateson (1904-1980)
“Information is a difference that makes a difference.”
― Gregory Bateson (1904-1980)
"As long as the differences and diversities of mankind exist, democracy must allow for compromise, for accommodation, and for the recognition of differences."
—Eugene McCarthy (1916-2005)
“There are no hierarchies in nature other than those imposed by hierarchical modes of human thought, but rather differences merely in function between and within living things.”
― Murray Bookchin (1921-2006)
"A faith is something you die for; a doctrine is something you kill for; there is all the difference in the world"
—Tony Benn (1925-2014)
"Purpose … was the first phenomenon of life: the first step from a universe in which entropy and chaos held sway toward one in which purposes residing in organisms direct external physical processes and create new physical relationships”.
― William T. Powers (1926-2013)
"Peace is not unity in similarity but unity in diversity, in the comparison and conciliation of differences."
—Mikhail Gorbachev (1931-2022)
“Movement is the essence of life.”
"Whether the gods are inside or outside makes very little difference to whether there are gods."
“Nor let us be resentful when others differ from us. For all men have hearts, and each heart has its own leanings. Their right is our wrong, and our right is their wrong.”
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