Postulatfri Universalhypotese
Postulatfri Universalhypotese:
Universet eksisterer i form av energiomsetning
Enhver energiomsetning krever en forskjell og skaper en forandring.
Energiomsetning er betinget av differensialer (potensial, tetthet, ladning, mv.), dvs. likhet medfører stillstand og død…
Enhver forandring genererer informasjon som noen ganger kan observeres.
Gregory Bateson (1904-1980) definerte informasjon som en forskjell som skaper en forskjell (for noen…)
(Tom Stonier (1927-1999) hevdet at informasjon er en egenskap ved universet på linje med energi og materie…)
Energiomsetning skjer i henhold til termodynamikkens lover
All energiomsetning foregår på molekylnivå; alle andre nivå er emergente fenomener.
I levende vesener foregår energiomsetning i celler som er den minste enheten av liv.
Energi kan ikke observeres eller forstås, slik at årsaken til forandring alltid er ukjent, jfr. Kraftpostulatet
Effekten av energiomsetning kan være brutal, og den ukjente årsaken kalles ofte Gud.
Insh Allah (Islam), May the Force Be With You (Star Wars), etc.
De fleste fenomen er emergente, dvs. de kan "forklares" på utallige måter (emergenshypotese 2). Det kan bety at kausalitet kun er menneskeskapte ideer, jfr. Hypoteser, postulater, vitenskap og religion
Universalhypotesen ble nok først forstått av Heraklit (540-480BC) (4 Important Facts about Heraclitus, the Ancient Greek Philosopher, the Collector, 2022-12-11)
Mennesker lager ord og begreper for det ukjente, og dermed kan man danne hypoteser og teorier som forklarer det ukjente i form av kausalitet. Matematikk er et kraftig språk for å beskrive teorier, bl.a. fordi det er et ekspertspråk som kun det innvidde presteskapet forstår…‽
Alle slike hypoteser og teorier vil være selvoppfyllende, og dermed like gode, beroende på tvil og tro…‽
For alle emergente fenomen er det uendelig mange hypoteser som alle er like gode eller dårlige;
enhver hypotese har en motsatt og like god hypotese…‽
“For every fact there is an infinity of hypotheses.”
― Robert M. Pirsig (1928-2016)
Noen lenker
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Kenneth H. Nealson and Pamela G. Conrad: Life: past, present and future, Phil. Trans. Royal Society B, 1999-12-29
4.1 Energy and Metabolism, in Concepts of Biology, BC Campus, ????-??-??
Bioenergetics, the Origins of Complexity, and the Ascent of Man, NIH, National Library of Medicine
The Limits to Growth, Digital version by Donella Meadows Project, 2013-06-06
Gravitational theoretical development supporting MOND, ArXiv, 2013-07-15
New theory of general relativity casts doubt on dark matter, the Conversation, 2013-08-05
Martin Rees: What is nothing? Martin Rees Q&A, the Conversation, 2018-08-15
Energy and Human Ambitions on a Finite Planet, UC San Diego Open Educational Resources, 2021
Thermodynamics and the Earth system
Sergiu Klainerman: Reflections on an Essay by Wigner, Inference, 2022-10
Bioenergetics and Life's Origins, Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 2010-02 (PDF)
Axel Kleidon: Life, hierarchy, and the thermodynamic machinery of planet Earth, Physics of Life Reviews, 2010-10-12
This Is Your Brain on God, Wired, 1999-11-01
Theories of Everything, Mapped, Quanta Magazine, 2015-08-03
Yaneer Bar-Yam: Emergence of simplicity and complexity, New England Complex Systems Institute, 2018-09-16
There Are No Laws of Physics. There’s Only the Landscape, Quanta Magazine, 2018-06-04
Adam Frank: Minding matter, Aeon, 2017-03-13
How Mathematical ‘Hocus-Pocus’ Saved Particle Physics, Quanta Magazine, 2020-09-17
The Most Successful Scientific Theory Ever: The Standard Model, YouTube - QuantaMagazine, 2021-07-16
E = mc2, DelanceyPlace, 2022-05-18
How the Physics of Nothing Underlies Everything, Quanta Magazine, 2022-08-09
Marcelo Gleiser: All humans are believers, BIG Think, 2022-08-31
Marcelo Gleiser: Science is like watching a strange game and trying to figure out the rules, BIG Think, 2022-10-26
4 Important Facts about Heraclitus, the Ancient Greek Philosopher, the Collector, 2022-12-11
The 4 fundamental meanings of “nothing” in science, BIG Think, 2022-12-22
Ligninga over alle ligninger, NRK, 2022-12-25
How Our Reality May Be a Sum of All Possible Realities, Quanta Magazine, 2023-02-06
The weirdness of quantum mechanics forces scientists to confront philosophy, BIG Think, 2023-02-08
How meaning emerges from matter, BIG Think, 2023-02-10
No, our Universe isn’t made of pure mathematics, BIG Think, 2023-02-28
the laws of physics must evolve, Delancey Place, 2023-04-26
Spacetime: is it real and physical, or just a calculational tool?, BIG Think, 2023-05-04
“Surprising” Findings – Scientists Identify Complete Respiratory Supercomplex, SciTech News, 2023-05-13
Powerhouse Puzzle Solved: How a Massive Supercomplex in Mitochondria Shapes Cellular Respiration, SciTech News, 2023-05-20
A surprise new “theory of everything” involves the symmetry between order and disorder, BIG Think, 2023-05-18
Why Einstein’s E = mc² is only half of the equation, BIG Think, 2023-05-23
5 “what ifs” that would have changed cosmic history, BIG Think, 2023-05-23
Is the Universe a quantum fluctuation?, BIG Think, 2023-05-28
Nothing Can Go Faster Than Light - Except Shadows, Science Goddess, 2023-06-22
Could the expanding Universe truly be a mirage?, BIG Think, 2023-06-27
Why urea may have been the gateway to life, ETH Zurich, 2023-06-28
Is the Universe 13.8 or 26.7 billion years old?, BIG Think, 2023-07-18
Space didn’t used to be a big place, BIG Think, 2023-07-20
Quantum Orthomolecular Medicine: The Bio- Orthophotonic Concept of Healing Energy, Orthomolecular Medicine News Service, 2023-11-27
Eric Lerner: The Big Bang never happened – so what did?, Asia Times, 2023-12-03
Eric Lerner: Fusion from filaments on Earth and in the cosmos, Asia Times, 2023-12-11
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Noen sitater
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" God is the efficient cause not only of the existence of things, but also of their essence.
Corr. Individual things are nothing but modifications of the attributes of God, or modes by which the attributes of God are expressed in a fixed and definite manner."
—Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677)
"Nothing is lost, nothing is created all is transformed. Nothing is the prey of death. All is the prey of life."
— Antoine Béchamp (1816-1908)
"The quantity of force which can be brought into action in the whole of Nature is unchangeable, and can neither be increased nor diminished."
― Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894)
“One of the greatest achievements of modern science was, that it proved the indestructibility of energy through all the ceaseless transformations which it undergoes in the universe.”
― Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921)
"The life contest is primarily a competition for available energy."
― Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906)
"If you want to find the secrets of the Universe, think in terms of energy, frequency, and vibration."
― Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)
“I believe in Spinoza's God, who reveals Himself in the lawful harmony of the world, not in a God who concerns Himself with the fate and the doings of mankind..."
—Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
"What we observe as material bodies and forces are nothing but shapes and variations in the structure of space. ... Quantum wave structures are real and material particles are not."
― Erwin Schrödinger (1887-1961)
"Consciousness is only possible through change; change is only possible through movement."
― Aldous Huxley (1894-1963)
“Information is information, not matter or energy.”
― Norbert Wiener (1894-1964)
“Living forms are not in being, they are happening, they are the expression of a perpetual stream of matter and energy which passes through the organism and at the same time constitutes it.”
"Higher, directed forms of energy (e. g., mechanical, electric, chemical) are dissipated, that is, progressively converted into the lowest form of energy, i. e., undirected heat movement of molecules; chemical systems tend toward equilibria with maximum entropy; machines wear out owing to friction; in communication channels, information can only be lost by conversion of messages into noise but not vice versa, and so forth."
— Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1901-1972)
"The enormous usefulness of mathematics in the natural sciences is something bordering on the mysterious and there is no rational explanation of it."
"It's nice to know the computer understands the situation, but I would like to understand it too."
― Eugene Wigner (1902-1995)
"Life is God's novel. Let him write it."
Isaac B. Singer (1902-1991)
“The most terrifying fact about the universe is not that it is hostile but that it is indifferent, but if we can come to terms with this indifference, then our existence as a species can have genuine meaning. However vast the darkness, we must supply our own light.”
― Stanley Kubrick (1928-1999)
“For every fact there is an infinity of hypotheses.”
― Robert M. Pirsig (1928-2016)
"Energy is the master resource, because energy enables us to convert one material into another. As natural scientists continue to learn more about the transformation of materials from one form to another with the aid of energy, energy will be even more important."
— Julian Simon (1932-1998)
“The answer to the ancient question 'Why is there something rather than nothing?' would then be that ‘nothing’ is unstable.”
“Energy-momentum tells the metric fluid how to flow.
The metric fluid tells energy-momentum how to flow.
Electric charge tells the electromagnetic fluid how to flow.
The electromagnetic fluid tells electric charge how to flow.
Weak charge tells the weak fluid how to flow.
The weak fluid tells weak charge how to flow.
Strong charge tells the strong fluid how to flow.
The strong fluid tells strong charge how to flow.”
“Energy is the only universal currency: one of its many forms must be transformed to another in order for stars to shine, planets to rotate, plants to grow, and civilizations to evolve.”
"Everything is underlied by energy. As I always say, there is no economy, there is only energy conversion. Money is only a very imperfect way how to measure energy flows in society. So what happens is we got this supercheap energy — both the fuel, and electricity, and the food energy."
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Jeg har fundert litt om hvorfor det likevel finnes steder i verden som ser ut til å unngå forandring
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