Sharing One Skin: The Okanagan Community

Armstrong, Jeanette. “Sharing One Skin: The Okanagan Community,” in Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith (eds), The Case Against the Global Economy. San Francisco, CA, Sierra Club Books, 1996. Pp 460-470.

The Story “Sharing One Skin: The Okanagan Community,” By Jeannette Armstrong is about what it takes to be a part of a community greater than oneself. This story is about the identity of being a part of a native American Environment, and the way Armstrong preserves the world around her. Armstrong has many ways of saying things in the Okanagan Language and what it truly means not only in english but in the Okanagan way. This Story is about how Earth and everything around us are but one, we humans are all connected to the Earth. This story has a very intellectual meaning that the emotional self is differentiated from the physical self, the thinking intellectual-self, and the spiritual self. Armstrong also talks about how everyone in the Okanagan community is connected with everything, and everyone with their hearts.

Native American Identity

Horse, Perry G. “Native American Identity.” New Directions for Student Services, vol. 2005, no. 109, 2005, pp. 61–68., doi:10.1002/ss.154.

The Story “Native American Identity,” By Perry G. Horse has a message to all the Native American Communities. This Message means that everything in the world today is based on the white community. This white community that we see everyday is changing our ways of life, our tradition and culture. Everything that must be done in life to succeed is based on what the white community wants. Native American Identity is being lost by the world today, we Native Americans are a part of something greater than ourselves but in order to succeed in life we must follow the ways of the white community. The main issue that I have learned from this story is trying to redefine what it means to be American Indian in today's society, and how great of an issue it is in Native American communities.

Alcoholism and Substance Abuse

Bishop, Merlene. "Alcoholism and Substance Abuse." The American Mosaic: The American Indian Experience, ABC-CLIO, 2021, americanindian.abc clio.com.sfis.idm.oclc.org/Search/Display/1385324. Accessed 4 Feb. 2021.

This article is about the History behind the upbringing of alcohol and how it impacted the Native Americans in their community. The alcohol that was put on the lands of the Native Americans were used to trick the people into leaving their lands. This article talks about how alcohol has impacted the lives of the Native Americans. How The Native Americans used alcohol as a way to deal with the pain that the U.S Government has put upon them. The constant use of alcohol caused the Native American people to lose their culture and their ways of life. The tragic loss of their people and tradition has caused a massive effect of depression and grief for what the U.S Government has done to them. With all of this put on the Native American people they resulted to alcohol and sometime they would turn to suicide as the way out.

Measuring Historical Trauma in an American Indian Community

Ehlers, Cindy L., et al. “Measuring Historical Trauma in an American Indian Community Sample: Contributions of Substance Dependence, Affective Disorder, Conduct Disorder and PTSD.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Elsevier, 19 June 2013, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376871613001865.

This article talked about the aftermath of the bad history that the Native American people have faced. The loss of their tradition and culture, loss of people, and broken treaties. With the results of these many losses within the people they begin to have anger issues, depression, and anxiety. With these types of emotions going through their head they result in drugs and alcohol. In this article they also had studys with current traumatic events and lifetime diagnosis of post traumatic stress disorder to frequency of thoughts and feeling of historical loss. The historical loss is such a bad memory for all Native American people, it is one of the main reasons why people result to drugs and alcohol. PTSD is also another issue for people that have had a rough life or that have had bad experiences in the military. If these bad experiences affect the lives of Native American people they will lead to drugs and alcohol.

Native American Participation in World War II

https://americanindian-abc-clio-com.sfis.idm.oclc.org/Search/Display/1517753?sTypeId=2

Taylor, Maxine. "Native American Participation in World War II." The American Mosaic: The American Indian Experience, ABC-CLIO, 2021, americanindian.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1517753. Accessed 16 Feb. 2021.

This article “Native American Participation in World War II” is about the brave Native Americans that have voluntarily fought for this country during WWII. This article is about how 44,000 Native American men fought for their own country despite the way they have been treated before and after the war. Even though the U.S has disrespected the Native Americans, they still took a stand and fought for what was right. During their time in the service they were not treated the best, they were called names for being native. The Native Americans that served looked past all the negativity and gave them their time, money, and even their lives in time of battle. Many of the Native Americans served a great deal of work including the Navajo Code Talkers they created a code that was unbreakable.

Pueblo Revolt

https://online-infobase-com.sfis.idm.oclc.org/HRC/Search/Details/6?articleId=210877&q=pueblo%20revolt

Dawson, Alexander. “Pueblo Revolt.” Colonization and Settlement, Third Edition, Facts On File, 2017. American Indian History, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=18626&itemid=WE43&articleId=210877. Accessed 16 Feb. 2021.

This article “Pueblo Revolt” is about how the Pueblo Natives gathered to take a stand against the spaniards. All nineteen Pueblo Natives had planned this unified surprise attack by sending out two runners with a knotted cord to coordinate the attack among the villages. When all the pueblos came together they immediately retreated and were forced to abandon the colony on september 21. All the Spaniards retreated 300 miles across the Rio Grande to El Paso after being attacked by all the Pueblo Natives. When the Spaniards retreated the Pueblo Natives had killed more than 400 of 3,000 hispanic residents living within the region. The Pueblo Natives also desecrated churches and killed 21 of the province's 33 Franciscans, and tortured many in the process. This revolt had been building up due to the European colonists who used firepower against the Pueblo Natives. The European colonists forced christianity on the indigenous people and to relocate them. The European colonists had constant demand for labor and tribute from the pueblo people, and eventually led to a revolt. The Pueblo population fell from 60,000 in 1600 to 30,000 in the 1640’s, and eventually dropped to 17,000 by 1680.