The author shows points and views of her Okanagan heritage. She explains her responsibilities as a community member. Armstrong lists the ideal way a Okanagan community member should participate. She talks about Earth and how everything is tied into the Okanagan way, and you are no longer thinking about yourself but mother earth. The author encourages her people to engage into other idea's and the outcome could be beneficial to them.

Armstrong, Jeanette.1996 ”Sharing One Skin: The Okanagan Community.” Pp. 460-470 in Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith (eds), The Case Against the Global Economy, San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.

Native Americans have been assimilated for many years and how it can affect our traditional ways. Many tribes around the country have lost everything, language, dances, and ceremonies. This may be the cause of natives adopting the american culture. The author also states that the remainder of the tribes and pueblos were granted tribal sovereignty, in which they can form their own government and set their own laws on the reservation. This also allows treaties between the U.S government and tribal governments.

Horse, Perry G. “Native American Identity.” Serving Native American Students, by Mary Jo Tippeconnic. Fox et al., Jossey-Bass, pp. 61–68, https://www.foodandwine.com/travel/heirloma-sugar-colombia-arhuaco-lands.

Native Americans have been on American soil for more than 20,000 years, long before America was founded by Columbus. It was then in 1492, a group of European settlers came to America and witnessed the land of cultural, diverse people. Many studies say that the native people were lost and confused about living, when in fact the european settlers adopted the Native American Culture in some aspects. Present day Native American tribes have lost many customs such as, language loss, culture and traditions, sustainable farming/hunting. Now it's Native American's who adopted the American culture it's important to learn the history of Native american's, so the heritage can continue.

Lacey, M. D. W. “Native Americans: A Celebration Of Their History, Culture And Contributions”, 2003 https://search-proquest-com.sfis.idm.oclc.org/conference-papers-proceedings/native-americans-celebration-their-history/docview/192406828/se-2?accountid=39531.

The article focuses on how indigenous people see the white man's world. In this case, Davi Kopenawa Yanomami, an Amazonian Shaman, was interviewed on ways he sees wealth, environment, and politics. He also states about how he sees the white man mistreat these customs. The shaman explained " They do not seem concerned that they are making us all perish with the epidemic of fumes that escape from all these things. They do not think that they are spoiling the earth and the sky, that they will never be able to recreate new ones."(P3) He is worried about his people and the resources around them. They are one of the last tribes to live off of the land and speak their full language.

Papangelis, Natasha. 'People in the West Live Squeezed Together, Frenzied as Wasps in the Nest', 1 Jan. 1970, natashapapangelis.blogspot.com/2015/01/people-in-west-live-squeezed-together.html.

The author takes the reader back before America was explored, when Native Americans had no idea what a settler was. The diverse culture of indigenous people has led many contributions to American history, like Farming. The author informs readers how agriculture was developed and how it grew over time. In one statement the author explains how the methods worked, she said “As they created new types of crops, American Indian farmers also discovered new and better ways to grow them. They invented irrigation, terraced farming, and fertilizer independently from people in other parts of the world. Indian farmers were the only people in the world to use double cropping, or multiple cropping, as a form of food insurance.” (P1) Native Americans over time learned how to cross pollinate many different types of seeds. They learned how to preserve seeds by picking them off the strongest plants so that next year the plants will be even stronger because they already have that gene. They learned how to make the ground fertile so that they could plant in the same spot longer, over time the soil will get richer because of all the nutrients in fertilizer and plants. Once they figured out how to plant they needed one of the most important ingredients, water. Many of our people used big stones in order to let the rain run off, so say there's a hill side the water will run down into a pond or creek. They tried to plant more than twice a year or “double cropping”, so they would have food throughout the whole year. Our ancestors didn’t just plant for fun, they lived off their crops. Many had acres of land that needed care so a whole family would join in, this was a matter of survival

Wessel, Thomas R. “Agriculture, Native American and Colonial.” Colonization and Settlement, Third Edition, Facts On File, 2017. History Research Center, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=&itemid=&articleId=209632. Accessed 18 Feb. 2021.

When Native Americans first started to plant many didn’t have the tools we have today. The settlers came to the Americas that’s when they started to see steel and silver, these began to help native communities work in their fields faster. Many of our people had good agricultural skills so when the settlers took notice they began to trade. This is when someone may need something you have in return for something valuable or just as good as what you are giving. Many of our people traded in order to survive. The author states that “agriculture provided many tribes with more than half of their food requirements and with important trade items for exchange among the tribes and, later, with Europeans”. Many people used this method to survive off of their crops. Other tools and artifacts were traded off to people because there was no money. Also they didn’t speak English, they only knew their language. In New Mexico there were different types of native languages so the pueblos that spoke the same language usually communicated with one another.

Keoke, Emory Dean, and Kay Marie Porterfield. “Agriculture Changes and Grows.” Food, Farming, and Hunting, Chelsea House, 2005. History Research Center, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=&itemid=&articleId=581865. Accessed 18 Feb. 2021.

Every Tribe and Pueblo should practice Sustainable farming because you are eating healthier, you are getting physical exercise, and you are helping the ecosystem. The article I chose talks about a lady, Karina Mitchell. She was visiting her homelands of Colombia over 12 years ago, when she came across Colombian sugar cane. Karina and her family had taken an interest in the way it was produced and harvested. The author talks about how the plant is grown, she says, ” Using traditional farming methods, the Arhuaco tribespeople cultivate rare handcrafted sugar from ancient sugarcane varieties grown on steep slopes. Heritage varieties of panela sugarcane are planted during the full moon in small, wild-grown organic plots, in accordance with ancestral, regenerative farming methods,” (Mendez). There is a certain way of doing things and this is how the people of Colombia produce organic sugar cane. The author states “ Unlike traditional sugar products, Heirloma sugar contains no additives or artificial blends and is pure unrefined non-GMO whole sugar. It's also packed with vitamins such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, vitamins A, C, D, and E.” ( Mendez). This tells you right away that the people who still farm this Sugar Cane care about the tradition and it means a lot to them. Many sweeteners have a lot of additives and some to the point we can’t pronounce them. The people of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, are still practicing sustainable farming to produce wealth and food for the community.

Méndez , Lola. “How an Indigenous Tribe Is Preserving Ancestral Lands by Cultivating Heritage Sugar.” Food & Wine, 1 Mar. 2021, https://www.foodandwine.com/travel/heirloma-sugar-colombia-arhuaco-lands