Women Empowerment Over the Century (1920-2020)

~~WOMEN ARE NOT JUST CHICKS~~!

Jennifer K. Garcia

Ohkay Owingeh

Jennifer Garcia- final presentation.mp4

Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company. Accessed 1985

Elliot Preece. Accessed on 1/12/2017

Alka Srivastava. Accessed 5/23/2018

Empowerment of Women Through Education In The 21st Century

Moradi Sheykhjan, Tohid, et al. “Empowerment of Women through Education in Twenty-First Century.” Online Submission, Online Submission, 1 Jan. 2014. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx direct=true&db=eric&AN=ED555571&site=eds-live.

The article discusses how basic human rights should be enjoyed by all without discrimination such as basic living needs, education, job opportunities, wages, voting, etc. Many years of women being here the givers of life; women always fall being men universally making us feel like we are not being heard. “Females are nearly 50 percent of the total population but their representation in public is very low.¨ The article discusses how more education can help women become more successful and independent ¨women can delay marriage and getting pregnant, and they are better able to negotiate the number of children they have in the future.¨ Women having an education can help reduce violence against girls and women enhancing more control over their own bodies.

Interpretation: I connect with this article because as a woman I do believe that women are more powerful than a man ever could be. Women have been hidden in the dark for too long and I think now is the time for us to all stand; use our voices. We have control over our bodies and minds. We have a different way of thinking than men do. Human talent is a critical resource and women are half of that resource. I think that women having more control over resources will spend more money on basic living needs, food and health, and education. Women's Empowerment is on the rise with many positive effects. More women being educated can help reduce female fertility rates and increase women's labor force participation.

Courtesy of the Trade Union Congress Library

Women Got The Right To Vote Over 100 Years Ago, But The Battle For Equality Is Not Over

No name listed.¨Women got the right to vote 100 years ago, but the battle for equality is not over¨” Youtube video › uploaded by Today.com, 2 February 2021 https://www.today.com/video/women-got-the-right-to-vote-100-years-ago-but-the-battle-for-equality-is-not-over-90146885513

This video was about how now almost 100 years ago colored women were not as privileged as white women. Also marks 100 years since the 19th Amendment was ratified. In the 1950s women had to fight to cast a ballot but for women of color or different ethnicities ¨ the battle for equality is not over.¨ There have only been a few constitutional amendments that passed but it has only been more of a celebration for white women rather than all women. Women of color were very relentless despite all discrimination that was put towards them.

Interpretation:

I connected with this short video that I watched and I think that we can not erase the color out of our history books. We are evidence of our ancestors who fought for some of the rights we have now. To thank them we can finish what they started as one. We are all strong and can do anything if we don't give up and put our minds to it. Even though discrimination can never be fully gone we can persevere and get to our goal of equality for every human being woman or man.

Personal Photo

Sharing One Skin: The Okanagan Community

Armstrong, Jeanette. “Sharing One Skin: The Okanagan Community,” in Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith (eds), The Case Against the Global Economy. San Francisco, CA, Sierra Club Books, 1996. Pp 460-470.

In this article Jeanette Armstrong describes her life being an Okanagan woman and the roles and responsibilities she has to uphold. She also explains that the human body has four capacities which are physical self, Emotional Self, thinking intellectual self, and spiritual self. She also discussed how we might think about ourselves in relation to the invisible environment we encounter when we walk the land and how we view the impact on the society around us as a function. It is the source of our existence and allows us to be the rest of ourselves. The third difference between the self-perception of the Okanagan and that of the dominant community has to do with the place that is us: the desire to know that we are everything that affects us; to feel our essence in connection to all else and, to know how we influence the world around us. This means that the flesh that is our body is pieces of the land. We unite with the greater self, with the better country, and we rejoice in all that we are. If this is true, it seems to me that it is where we have to rebuild in the matter of the heart.

Interpretation:

I can connect with some things Jeanette Armstrong says, points she made in her article I can agree with as a Native American. I was taught from when I was little to love and respect our mother earth, to be one with her. We have ups and downs but we can always rely on one another.

Personal Photo

Native American Identity

Horse. G, Perry. ¨ Native American Identity, ¨ NEW DIRECTIONS FOR STUDENT SERVICES, no. 109, © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Spring 2005. Pp 61-68

In the article Native American Identity Perry G. Horse talks mainly about whether we identify as ¨ Native American or American Indian¨ seeing as we are now more like white people than based on how we were in the 1950's or 100 years ago. Perry discusses in the article many issues or elements such as (ethnic nomenclature, racial attitudes, the legal and political status, American Indian nations and American Indian people, cultural change, and one's sensibility about what being a Native American means in today's society) influence Native American identity. It was not just agencies of the U.S.government but also the National Congress of American Indians, the American Indian Higher Education Consortium, and the American Indian College Fund. In the American Indian world, it is common to identify first with one's tribal affiliation and secondarily as American Indian or Native American. Redefining what it means to be American Indian in today's society is one of the major issues in Indian countries.

Interpretation:

Reading the article Native American Identity I made a connection with the first sentence ¨ Someday we are all going to be like white people.¨ The connection I made was very interesting because growing up I always heard my great grandmother, grandpa, mom, and dad tell me how things used to be for them back then. My great grandmother would show and tell us how things should be done which she calls ¨ the right way!¨ I am fascinated with my connection to this article because I now see how we more or less turned like these ¨white people¨ by the phones we use, to the fast-food restaurants, our cars, etc. The cultural change from the 1950s to now is huge; kids no longer speak the language, dance, or sing our songs that have been passed down. For me I prefer the label Native American because I live on the reservation, I pay attention to our culture.

Credit to Lisa Powell. Accessed 7/18/2020

One Hundred Years of Women's Sufferage: Mission Accomplished?

Havener, Kathleen Balthrop. “One Hundred Years of Women’s Suffrage: Mission Accomplished?” GP Solo, vol. 37, no. 4, July 2020, p. 9. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsgao&AN=edsgcl.637207681&site=eds-live.

Suffice to say that, although Abigail was not amused, she did not prevail in her desire to ensure that the founders consider the position of women in the new republic. By 1851, only three years after Seneca Falls, at the National Woman's Rights Convention, the issue of women's suffrage had become a central tenet of the movement for women's rights. Gordon has called it "the most famous speech in the history of the agitation for woman suffrage" (The Trial of Susan B. She had motored all the way from Montana to the nation's capital to participate in a women's suffrage demonstration, collecting signatures along the way in favor of the passage of an equal suffrage amendment. The demonstration Rankin had traveled so far to attend, held on March 3, 1913 - the eve of Woodrow Wilson's inauguration - was reportedly the first large-scale protest for political purposes in the United States, with half a million spectators lining the route from the Capitol to the White House. In January 1917, two months before Rankin was sworn in to take her seat in the House of Representatives, a dozen women, including Alice Paul and Lucy Burns - the organizers of the march four years earlier - met in Lafayette Square across from the White House to begin a protest aimed at guaranteeing women's right to vote. When a resolution proposing the 19th Amendment was introduced for the first time on the floor of the House of Representatives, on January 10, 1918, Rankin opened the debate.

Chance Miller. Accessed-9/17/2017

Well, I Have Been & Gone & Done it

Anthony, Susan B. "'WELL I HAVE BEEN & GONE & DONE IT!!'." National Geographic, vol. 238, no. 2, Aug. 2020, p. 100+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A650072446/ITOF?u=nm_p_elportal&sid=ITOF&xid=5d94b51c. Accessed 12 Mar. 2021.

Nearly a century after the nation's founding, seven years after the end of the Civil War, and two years after the 15th Amendment granted voting rights to African-American men, it was still illegal for most women to vote. Appended to the declaration were resolutions that claimed equality for women on many fronts, but without political power, these positions just amounted to wishful thinking. What women needed was the vote. If suffragists' interpretation of the amendment had been accepted by the Supreme Court, says historian Ellen Carol DuBois, author of Suffrage: Women's Long Battle for the Vote, "we ourselves would not be in the situation where states are constantly depriving people of the right to vote, what we call voter suppression.” The 2018 election saw the biggest increase in female representation since 1992. "We've made strides," says Debbie Walsh, director of the Center for American Women and Politics at Rutgers University, "but we're talking about less than a quarter of the members of Congress are women.

The gender politics of the March on Washington is just one example of how masculinist authority is often replicated within parts of the Black freedom struggle, relegating women to the shadows of their own movement.

Courtesy of New York Public Library

An Uncomfortable Truth: The 19th Amendment and the limits of women's sufferage

Abdul, Alicia. "An Uncomfortable Truth: The 19th Amendment and the limits of women's suffrage." School Library Journal, vol. 66, no. 8, 2020, p. 42+. Gale In Context: Biography

The year 2020 marks a century since women gained voting rights in the United States. Many celebrate suffragists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. However, they weren't the definitive vanguard of the women's movement. The movement focused on securing and protecting constitutional voting rights for white women, and in general, allyship across racial lines was not a deciding factor. Many of the issues that activists worked to combat are still relevant today, such as voter ID laws and voter suppression. The books listed tackle voting rights, in countless ways, from biographies to novels to nonfiction. This chronological history provides biographical descriptions detailing Black women's contributions to suffrage. Dionne shares the untold stories that advanced the cause. Kanefield covers Susan B. Anthony's life from her Quaker upbringing to her death. The text describes a wide range of tenacious women who were instrumental in ratifying the 19th Amendment. The book describes obstacles they overcame, their life experiences, and their religious and racial backgrounds. The black matter of the voting rights inspired voting laws and the more voting equality throughout history. Gr 6-8-this book depicts the grim realities of suffragists who were arrested and tortured. Gr 7-10-Passion takes precedence for Marva Sheridan, whose ambition to see eligible voters cast their ballot. Gr 10 Up-This graphic novel showcases the fight for women's rights in the U.S. and across the world. The book's broader context puts the history of voting into perspective alongside other struggles and social issues.

Credit: Unsplash/CC0 Public Domain

THE WOMEN OF SOUTH AFRICA

Norment, Lynn. "The women of South Africa." Ebony, vol. 49, no. 10, Aug. 1994, p. 98+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A15687234/AONE?u=nm_p_elportal&sid=AONE&xid=b4a27280. Accessed 23 Apr. 2021.

South African black women are a rainbow of oak, brown, mahogany, and tan. As a result, women make up around a quarter of the 400-seat National Assembly and a third of the seats in the nine regional assemblies in modern South Africa. They demonstrate bravery in the face of oppression and resourcefulness when options are few. Winnie Mandela was expelled from the country and put under house arrest demonstrated courage and strength."Women have taken their rightful places in society and are assisting in shaping and building the new South Africa," says Albertina Sisulu, a recently elected National Assembly member who has been involved in the bashing struggle since the 1940s "Their primary goal is to get their voices heard in parliament, at home, and in the workplace.". But South African women leaders say, it will be a long, bard fight to overcome tradition of sexism in their male-dominated society. "You are not given anything on a silver platter," says Lindiwe Mabuza, former ANC representative in the U.S.who is now a member of the National Assembly."We are continuing to struggle to educate the entire population to the backwardness of policies that relegate women to subservience. In the homelands, the women were left to feed, clothe and care for the children and elderly with little resources while the men went off to work in the cities. Black South African women will begin to rise up and play their positions in a fast-changing world that is full of promise and determination in the coming years. "Ensuring gender inclusion in modern South Africa would be a difficult battle," Mabuza-Suttle says. "Patriarchy, chauvinism, and tribalism are three patriarchal systems that have yet to be addressed. These women have struggled for national independence for a long time. Women, Black and White, will have to fight alone for their freedom. South African women are very poor, either living in the desperate poverty of densely populated urban areas or segregated into former homelands where many Black people were forced to live. In addition, domestic violence is increasing in South Africa, “one of every six women is assaulted regularly by her male partner, in at least 46 percent of the cases the children also are abused.” In the coming years, Black South African women will continue to stand up and assume their roles in a fast-changing society that is filled with hope and optimism. With greater access to education and opportunities, many will achieve success all around us. Felicia Mabuza-Suttle adds, "South Africa is going to have to get used to seeing more women in the boardroom.

Photograph: Alex Brandon/AP. Accessed on 3/18/2021

EMPOWERING WOMEN POLITICALLY, ERASING GENDER-BASED OPPRESSION FROM ALL ASPECTS OF LIFE

"DEPUTY SECRETARY-GENERAL URGES GLOBAL UNITY IN EMPOWERING WOMEN POLITICALLY, ERASING GENDER-BASED OPPRESSION FROM ALL ASPECTS OF LIFE." States News Service, 9 July 2012. Gale In Context: Biography, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A295799706/BIC?u=nm_s_santafeis&sid=BIC&xid=cc95bc4a. Accessed 30 Apr. 2021.

The Wisdom and Energy of the Anti-Discrimination Committee at the Treaty's Thirty-Fifth Anniversary Deputy Secretary-General Jan Eliasson highlighted that the fight for women's empowerment is far from over, and encouraged the international community to work together to "politically empower women and eliminate gender-based inequality and injustice in all facets of public and private life." Its work changed the lives of countless women and girls by convincing 187 governments to sign the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and analyzing their alignment with the treaty's provisions. Mr. said that the human rights of women and girls everywhere must be realized in order to attain gender equality in politics. The Government was the administrator of the greatest group of programs for supporting women'' in the history of Brazil, Michelle Bachelet said. Shanti Dairiam, Member of the Board of Directors of the International Women's Rights Action Watch - Asia Pacific, said the problem was that institutions such as the family and the State reinforced discrimination against women. To that end, in 1997, the International Women's Rights Action Watch - Asia Pacific had initiated the "From Global to Local'' program, which had helped in the structuring of a critical alliance between the Committee and regional women's non-governmental organizations. According to Sapana Phadhan Malla, a lawyer and member of Nepal's Constituent Assembly, her country had the highest level of female representation in Parliament in the Asia-Pacific region, at 33%. That is why Uganda decided that the Minister of Gender must report on the status of women on an annual basis and that all bills sent to Parliament must meet the Convention's basic criteria.