As American culture became popular in daily life, Native American tradition died. In the reading, “Native American Identity” the author, Perry G. Horse explains the culture change, how society influenced American Indian people and nations. Ethnic Nomenclature is unacknowledged as to who we define an identity in American culture. Are you American Indian or Native American? These racial attitudes have a natural cycle of change in life over the years. We must earn privilege. “Merely being white is sufficient in a world run mostly by white people.” We live in a white culture world from music and dance performances. The school system, and attending mainstream universities, to speaking and writing their English language, not to mention hold jobs, make mortgage and car payments. Especially adapting to their form of government and modern life. Native American culture has changed and will continue to change overtime, no culture remains the same. Growing up as a American Indian or Native American?

Horse, Perry G. “Native American Identity.” New Directions for Student Services, no. 109, © Wiley Periodicals, Inc, 2005. Pp. 61-68.

The more we keep our tradition alive, it's difficult for us to understand white man medicine. In the story “Sharing One Skin” by Jeannette Armstrong, according to the Okanagan Community they teach their people that every person is born into a family and a community. One of the teachings is to speak their language which brought people as one skin to survive. Their first priority was the community, then family, and themselves. She explains to help build a community is to face the crisis itself. In other words without connection to the land the environment is lost and confused. Within our bodies creating a change of heart in communities can present a way of life. As for the Okanagan tribe the “heart is where communities and land come into our beings and becomes part of us because they are as essential to our survival as our own skin.” We as humans have a right by relearning and reinstituting the four capacities of self: the spiritual self, the emotional self, the physical self, and the thinking-intellectual self. In our prayers the use of communication emotionally ties people to the hands of the spirit and language of the land. Encountering an illness and other forms of human pain can have a dispassion of energy which teaches Okanagan people as individuals they’re tiny and knowledgeable. The Okanagan community “sharing one skin” has extended families into a deep connection to the environment, to earth, and what they actually are, to what humanity is as human beings.

Armstrong, Jeanette. 1996 “Sharing One Skin: The Okanagan Community.” Pp. 460-470 in Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith (eds.), The Case Against the Global Economy, San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition that impacts children’s social interaction and brain development, yet it usually develops in the second year of life according to the article, “Brain and Behavior Development in Autism From Birth Through infancy.” The authors, Mark D. Shen, and Joseph Piven mentions ASD affects 1 of 68 children, clearly the discovery in autism is a mental disorder. A child’s appearance is a gnarly behavior and unique characteristic. Between 12 to 24 months of a child’s age their symptoms develop morefully, as to their first year of life. An ASD child’s first year of life, motor development may suggest that visual, language and eye gaze patterns are early behavioral signs. With this information, high-risk (HR) ASD in infancy has shown the brain development at birth head size is normal, until they reach about 3 years of age it’s seriously enlarged and the brain volume is increased. By that means, their sensorimotor and visual orient differences affect social behavior. They are not able to communicate properly and their lack of knowledge may create numerous issues as to their intellectual impression.

Shen, Mark D, and Joseph Piven. “Brain and Behavior Development in Autism from Birth through Infancy.” Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, Les Laboratoires Servier, Dec. 2017, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5789210/.

I find it interesting and difficult to provide an accuracy diagnosis for autistic children because they show lack of assertiveness and social interactions as it explains in the article, “Psychosocial Resources develop and trialled for Indigenous People.” The author, Ian M. Shochets explains the Indigenous culture may be one of the choices that interferes with learning about white man medicine since Native Americans believe in sacred ceremonies. I believe as a Native American most are taught to respect and the responsibility to give back for our people, yet know where you come from and believe in your tradition and culture. It is important to know there are wellbeing programs and mental health positive demonstrations given to Indigenous communities relating to strengthening parent/caregiver child relationships. These methods provide supportive care and learn the concept of psychosocial wellbeing. The challenges of psychosocial development is their behavior and brain development. Adolescents with ASD can lead parents/caregivers to heightened stress. Issues with communication and relationships may involve averted eye contact, avoidance and venting, crying, and defense. Not to mention, some ASD children who attend school can be less emotional due to their development stages. They present unique challenges because of the quality of life provided. In spite of that, the mental health and wellbeing programs help the people manage their stress in order to react calmly and help boost their self-efficacy, and adolescents' sense of belonging, self-esteem, and resilience, also guide families, give them positive feedback

Shochet, Ian M, et al. “Psychosocial Resources Developed and Trialled for Indigenous People with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Caregivers: a Systematic Review and Catalogue.” International Journal for Equity in Health, BioMed Central, 6 Aug. 2020, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7412645/.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental receptive language disorder, including repetitive behaviours with an anxious obsessive desire for the same maintenance of sameness. In the article, “The History of Autism'' the author, Sula Wolff describes the uniqueness and challenges about autism as the child, themselves face an unexpected childhood experience. Their behavior has created a form of being not intimidated and with good memory knowledge to gain motor skills, and normally the symptoms do not occur until the 3rd or 4th year of age. Between 1970-1980s Leo Kanner and Stella Chess mention “The Journal of Autism and Development Disorder'' and “The Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia,” which focuses on autism and other developmental disabilities, not to mention the possibilities of cause in the disorder. According to the article, “Stella Chess was the 1st to discover that autism can be associated with neurological disease, in a series of children with rubella.” In 1798, a young, wild boy age 11 or 12 was found naked and covered in scars, in the woods. It’s likely shown he may have been considered autistic or dysphasic, because he was insensitive to loud, and pleasing noise. His social interaction and facial expression involved him making only guttural sounds, and attended only to objects he wanted. Within the years, he loved helping people, used objects imaginatively, and became genuinely affectionate in which he could ask for things in primitive writing, yet his spoken language never progressed beyond meaningless monosyllables. (Wolff, 2003) Although there was no evidence of abnormal neurological signs, in other words autism is considered a mentally retarted disease due to their inability to to use language for communication. The attention drew them to poor parenting yet it’s based on shared genes. Special education and financial support for families and parents of autistic children. As mentioned their way of life is a wasted and painful year of expensive psychotherapy for them. In addition to referring to the situation it can cause stress and disprove of not raising the child. It’s likely the child may become highly sensitive, lacking feelings for others, develop poor social and language skills, and feel lonely. Overall, a good care and education may increase the supportive care to change a person's perspective on how to view and treat the world, including others.

Wolff, Sula. “The History of Autism.” http://autismedsp5310s20f10.pbworks.com/f/The%20history%20of%20autism.pdf-About, Original Contribution, 19 August 2003, Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry.

Throughout the years, in “The History of Autism,” the authors Kieran A. Cook, Alissa N. Willmerdinger mentioned the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder definition is likely to change in the future. A study case, “in 1798 before the first use of the word autism, French Physician Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard Described Victor the wild boy of Aveyron, a young boy who was found after being isolated in the woods in addition to having language and intellectual disabilities.” (Cook and Willmeredinger, 2015) At first, schizophrenia was described as an autistic disorder because the symptoms of being “socially withdrawn, including their intellectual and language disabilities were indifferent.” (Greydanus and Toledopereyra, 2012) Autism was labeled as ‘infantile autism’ after the studies of schizophrenia disease, from 1987 it became known as ‘autism spectrum disorder.’ Autism spectrum disorder is listed as a form of childhood schizophrenia, until 1980 it was not officially separated from the disease. The lack of medical research and treatments were focused on the behavior and psychological factors. Overall these programs have the ability to improve parents and autistic children’s lifestyle. According to the article, parenting styles may be the cause of their child’s behavior. Autism is described as “the children’s inability to relate themselves in the ordinary way to people and situations from the beginning of life.” (Kanner, 1943) Leo Kanner believed the negative influence of parenting can be an unconscious feeling of hostility and rejection. As parents are educated about autism spectrum disorder, researchers acknowledge the advocacy groups and awareness are increasing. Between 2001 and 2005, an Autism Research was created by parents and grandparents of autistic children to come across other perspectives. Lovaas Institute applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy as a movement to treat autistic behaviors. National Autism Associated and Autism Speaks was founded by Bob and Suzanne Wright, in 2005. (Cook and Willmerdinger, 2015) Improving an autistic child’s learning communication, including the help of parents, is better support. Emotionally, the results of autistic can be the blame of parents. However, the cause of autism is a psychogenic disorder affecting their social behavior and natural environment skills.

Cook, Kieran A., and Alissa N Dinger. “The History of Autism.” Https://Scholarexchange.furman.edu/Cgi/Viewcontent.cgi?Article=1002&Context=Schopler-About, Furman University , 2 June 2015, Furman University Scholar Exchange.