1.  Introduction

Nestled amidst the lush and biodiverse landscapes of the Hantana Environmental Protection Area (HEPA), the University of Peradeniya stands as a venerable institution, both an educational beacon and a custodian of our natural heritage. Established in 1942, the university has served as a cradle of knowledge, fostering academic excellence, and nurturing generations of students. As we approach our centennial anniversary in 2042, we are acutely aware of the immense responsibility that comes with our legacy. Peradeniya, with its sprawling campus, is not merely a place of learning; it is a living biological laboratory, intricately woven into the rich tapestry of Sri Lanka's biodiversity. However, we recognize that our beloved campus is not immune to the pressing challenges of our time, including habitat loss, climate change, and the decline of critical species. With this realisation comes a solemn duty: to become stewards of the very biodiversity that has enriched our academic pursuits and provided a haven for contemplation and learning. The centennial Biodiversity Conservation Program of the University of Peradeniya outlines a strategic plan spanning two decades, from 2022 to 2042, as we embark on our journey to protect, conserve, and celebrate the natural heritage within our university and beyond.

Goal 

The primary goal of the Centennial Conservation Plan of the University of Peradeniya is to safeguard and enhance the rich biodiversity present within its campus, encompassing both natural ecosystems and managed landscapes.

Vision 

At the University of Peradeniya, we aspire to be a leading force in biodiversity conservation, setting an example for institutions worldwide.

Our vision encompasses:

• Preserving Ecosystems: We aim to safeguard the ecosystems on our campus, from lush forests to pristine water bodies, as well as the surrounding areas. These ecosystems will serve as living laboratories for education, research, and inspiration.

• Species Conservation: We will work tirelessly to protect and conserve endangered and endemic species, ensuring that our campus remains a sanctuary for the diverse flora and fauna.

• Education and Awareness: Our vision includes a commitment to fostering a deep understanding of biodiversity and environmental stewardship among our students, staff, and the broader community. We will inspire the next generation of environmental leaders.

• Research Excellence: We envision a thriving research environment that advances our understanding of biodiversity and contributes to global knowledge. Our research will drive effective conservation strategies and inform policy.

• Sustainable Practices: Sustainability will be at the core of our operations. Our campus will model sustainable practices in energy use, waste management, and land use, serving as a blueprint for sustainable living.

•  Community Engagement: We see a future where our local communities are actively involved in our conservation efforts, working hand in hand to protect our shared natural heritage.

• International Collaboration: We will seek collaboration with global partners and organizations to address cross-border conservation challenges and make a significant impact on a global scale.

• Resilience to Climate Change: Our vision includes efforts to enhance the resilience of our ecosystems in the face of climate change, ensuring they continue to thrive for generations to come.

2.   Objective

The main objective of the Biodiversity Conservation plan of the University of Peradeniya is to conserve the biological and landscape diversity of the campus of the University of Peradeniya, treating it as a sustainable ecosystem.

The specific of objectives of the plan are to;

1. Assess the biodiversity at the University of Peradeniya.

2. Prepare a land-use strategic plan for the University of Peradeniya.

3. Identification and mitigation of anthropogenic threats to biodiversity (climate change, fire, encroachment, clearing, invasive species, etc.)

4. Conservation of natural and semi-natural ecosystems 

5. Restoration of degraded ecosystems and monoculture Pinus plantations with native flora.

6. Promotion of ecotourism focusing on the rich biodiversity in HEPA.

7. Promote biodiversity conservation among students, staff, and local and international communities. 

3.    Key activities to achieve the specific objectives

Specific objective 01: Assess the biodiversity at the University of Peradeniya

Key Activities:

• • Overview of Biodiversity: This component will provide an insight into the current state of biodiversity within the University of Peradeniya. It will include an examination of the variety and abundance of plant and animal species, and their respective ecosystems.

• • Identification of Key Species, Ecosystems, and Habitats: The assessment will identify the most critical species, ecosystems, and habitats within the University of Peradeniya and their ecosystem services. We will mainly focus on the endangered and/or keystone species that play pivotal roles in the ecosystems within the University land. Ecosystems and habitats will be described in detail, encompassing forests, streams, rivers, ponds and grasslands.

• • Database Development: Comprehensive databases will be created and maintained to store biodiversity data, making it accessible for the analysis and decision-making.

Expected outcomes:

• Compile an inventory of biodiversity baseline data for habitats within the University campus.

Specific objective 02: Prepare a land-use strategic plan for the University of Peradeniya

Key Activities:

• • Preparation of the strategic plan: A land use strategic plan will be developed with the involvement of academic experts in various fields, relevant administrative staff, and other stakeholders of the University. 

• • Preparation of the land use map: Habitats and ecosystems within the University will be identified for restoration and conservation activities. Detailed maps of biodiversity hotspots, vulnerable areas, and potential conservation zones will be prepared. 

• • Conservation site identification: Land dedicated to conservation activities will be clearly demarcated for conservation activities.

• • Land allocation: Identified land will be allocated to be used in restoration and conservation projects during the next 20 years and they will be incorporated into the land-use strategic plan of the University.

Expected outcomes:

• Prepare the land-use strategic plan and the maps for biodiversity conservation and infrastructure development.

Specific objective 03: Identification and mitigation of anthropogenic threats to biodiversity (climate change, fire, encroachment, clearing, invasive species etc.,)

Key Activities:

• • Assessment of threats to Biodiversity: This aspect will involve a thorough analysis of the challenges faced by the biodiversity in the target area. Common threats include habitat loss due to deforestation or urban development, pollution from various sources, the impact of climate change, and the proliferation of invasive species. 

• • Mitigation of threats to Biodiversity: Once the threats are identified, mitigatory activities will be implemented with the participation of the local communities. 

Expected outcomes:

• Ensure the conservation of natural ecosystems of the University of Peradeniya

• Ensure the ecosystem resilience and enhance ecosystem services

Specific objective 04: Conservation of natural and semi-natural ecosystems

Key Activities:

• • • • Conservation of ecosystems under HEPA: Actions will be taken to ensure the protection of the natural and manmade ecosystems under HEPA, through voluntary and regulatory approaches. 

• • • • Wildlife Protection: Measures to safeguard vulnerable and endangered species will be implemented, including the establishment of wildlife corridors, nesting areas, and sanctuaries.

• • • • Sustainable Landscaping: The use of native plants in landscaping and adaptation of sustainable gardening practices will be promoted.

• • • • Green Infrastructure: Opportunities for biodiversity gains within the existing built environment will be explored through green infrastructure.

• • • • Sustainable Practices: Biodiversity conservation principles will be integrated into all university operations, focusing on energy-efficient practices, reduced chemical usage, and sustainable waste management.

• • • • Research Initiatives: Biodiversity research projects involving students and faculty will be encouraged and supported, fostering innovation and knowledge generation.

Expected outcomes: 

• Conservation of the existing biodiversity in the HEPA 

• Minimize the adverse effects of infrastructure development on biodiversity

• Enrich the native flora and fauna in the man-made habitats of the University campus.

• Reduce the negative environmental impacts of anthropogenic activities.

• Promote sustainable practices within the university.

• Promote long-term scientific research on biodiversity conservation

Specific objective 05: Restoration of degraded ecosystems and monoculture Pinus plantations

Key Activities:

• • • • Habitat Restoration: Restoration activities will be implemented to restore the degraded ecosystems.  Emphasis will be given to the preservation of native plant species and revitalization of degraded ecosystems in the lower Hantana area. The restoration projects will be implemented in a stepwise manner in collaboration with relevant government institutes, the HEPA management committee, and local communities with the involvement of restoration experts.

• • • • Restoration of monoculture Pinus plantations:  Based on local and global scientific research conducted on restoration of monoculture Pinus plantations, restoration activities will be implemented to restore 30% of the Pinus plantation within the University premises. The restoration projects will be implemented in a stepwise manner in collaboration with relevant government institutes, the HEPA management committee, and local communities with the involvement of restoration experts.

Expected outcomes: 

• Restoration of native plant and animal populations.

• Re-establishment of natural ecosystem processes and functions.

• Utilize the restoration sites as an outdoor laboratory for teaching and public awareness. 

Specific objective 06: Promotion of ecotourism focusing on the rich biodiversity in HEPA

Key Activities:

• • • • Ecotourism hub: An ecotourism hub will be established at the University of Peradeniya to inculcate sustainable tourism focusing on the rich biodiversity in HEPA.

Expected outcomes: 

• Raise public awareness on the importance of biodiversity conservation and environmental protection.

• Generate income for biodiversity conservation efforts of the University.

Specific objective 07: Promote biodiversity conservation among students, staff, and local and international communities

Key Activities:

• • • • Hands-On Conservation Activities: All the stakeholders of the University and interested individuals will be given the opportunity to actively participate in conservation and restoration projects.

• • • • Educational Programs: Educational campaigns, community outreach, workshops, and guided tours will be launched to raise awareness about campus biodiversity among students, staff and local and international communities.

• • • • Enriching the biodiversity and conservation curriculum: The curriculum on biodiversity and conservation for undergraduate students will be expanded. Opportunities will be created for students from various disciplines to follow biodiversity and conservation-related courses. 

• • • • Global Partnerships: Partner with international organizations and institutions to promote biodiversity conservation.

Expected outcomes: 

• Educate university, local and international communities on biodiversity conservation.

• Development of skills and knowledge related to biodiversity conservation among students and staff.

• Create positive attitudinal and behavioral change in the public towards biodiversity conservation.

• Strengthened involvement of local and international communities in conservation activities.

4. Compliance with laws and regulations

The Centennial Biodiversity Conservation Plan of the University of Peradeniya will be implemented by adhering to national and international agreements, policies, acts and regulations.  

5. Funding

The University is responsible for allocating sufficient funding for the conservation plan through the annual University budget. Funding through international and local sources are welcomed and Private Public Partnership projects are encouraged. 

6. Responsibility

A Committee of experts will be appointed to implement the centennial conservation plan. The Center for Environmental Sustainability is responsible for coordinating the conservation plan with financial support from the University. 

Through our Biodiversity Conservation Plan, the University of Peradeniya is dedicated to preserving biodiversity for a sustainable and harmonious future. Together, we will leave a legacy of a thriving natural world for the generations that follow, respecting the profound interconnectedness of life on Earth. This vision statement encapsulates the commitment of the University of Peradeniya to a comprehensive and forward-looking approach to biodiversity conservation in the coming decades.