Introduction

Nestled amidst the lush and biodiverse landscapes of Sri Lanka, the University of Peradeniya stands as a venerable institution, both an educational beacon and a custodian of our natural heritage. Established in 1942, the university has served as a cradle of knowledge, fostering academic excellence, and nurturing generations of students. As we approach our 100th anniversary in 2042, we are acutely aware of the immense responsibility that comes with our legacy. Peradeniya, with its sprawling campus, is not merely a place of learning; it is a living ecosystem, intricately woven into the rich tapestry of Sri Lanka's biodiversity. From the enchanting avian melodies that grace our mornings to the intricate ecosystems that flourish within our verdant grounds, biodiversity thrives within these hallowed halls. However, we recognize that our beloved campus is not immune to the pressing challenges of our time, including habitat loss, climate change, and the decline of critical species. With this realization comes a solemn duty: to become stewards of the very biodiversity that has enriched our academic pursuits and provided a haven for contemplation and learning. This Long-Term Biodiversity Conservation Program outlines a strategic plan spanning two decades, from 2022 to 2042, as we embark on our journey to protect, conserve, and celebrate the natural heritage within our university.

Goal 01: Increase  the forest cover of University of Peradeniya above 50% by 2024.

Goal 02: Convert 20% of the Pinus plantations into natural forests by 2042.

Vision 

At the University of Peradeniya, we envision a future where biodiversity thrives in harmony with human existence. Our Biodiversity Conservation Plan for 2022-2042 is a testament to our commitment to protect and nurture the rich tapestry of life on our campus and in our region. We aspire to be a leading force in biodiversity conservation, setting an example for institutions worldwide. Our vision encompasses:

• Preserving Ecosystems: We aim to safeguard the ecosystems on our campus, from lush forests to pristine water bodies, as well as the surrounding areas. These ecosystems will serve as living laboratories for education, research, and inspiration.

• Species Conservation: We will work tirelessly to protect and conserve endangered and endemic species, ensuring that our campus remains a sanctuary for the diverse flora and fauna that call it home.

• Education and Awareness: Our vision includes a commitment to fostering a deep understanding of biodiversity and environmental stewardship among our students, staff, and the broader community. We will inspire the next generation of environmental leaders.

• Research Excellence: We envision a thriving research environment that advances our understanding of biodiversity and contributes to global knowledge. Our research will drive effective conservation strategies and inform policy.

• Sustainable Practices: Sustainability will be at the core of our operations. Our campus will model sustainable practices in energy use, waste management, and land use, serving as a blueprint for sustainable living.

• Community Engagement: We see a future where our local communities are actively involved in our conservation efforts, working hand in hand to protect our shared natural heritage.

• International Collaboration: We will seek collaboration with global partners and organizations to address cross-border conservation challenges and make a significant impact on a global scale.

• Resilience to Climate Change: Our vision includes efforts to enhance the resilience of our ecosystems in the face of climate change, ensuring they continue to thrive for generations to come.

Through our Biodiversity Conservation Plan 2022-2042, the University of Peradeniya is dedicated to preserving biodiversity for a sustainable and harmonious future. Together, we will leave a legacy of a thriving natural world for the generations that follow, respecting the profound interconnectedness of life on Earth." This vision statement encapsulates the commitment of the University of Peradeniya to a comprehensive and forward-looking approach to biodiversity conservation in the coming decades.

Objectives

The main objective of the biodiversity conservation strategic plan of University of Peradeniya is to conserve the floral and faunal diversity of the University of Peradeniya. The specific of objectives of the plan are to;

• Asses the biodiversity at University of Peradeniya.

• Continue to conserve the land declared under HEPA.

• Restore the degraded lands at Lower Hantana to increase the biodiversity.

• Replace monoculture Pinus plantations with native flora.

• Restore the banks of Mahaweli river and Maha Oya  stream.

• Restore the fresh water ponds in University of Peradeniya with native aquatic fauna and flora.

• Mitigation of anthropogenic threats to biodiversity (fire, encroachment, clearing, invasive species etc.,)

• Promote biodiversity conservation among undergraduates and neighboring communities. 

Activities

1. Assessment of Biodiversity: Conduct a comprehensive survey of the campus's flora and fauna to identify key species, habitats, and ecological zones.

• Overview of Biodiversity: This component provides an insight into the current state of biodiversity within the University of Peradeniya. It includes an examination of the variety and abundance of plant and animal species, and their respective ecosystems.

• Identification of Key Species, Ecosystems, and Habitats: The assessment identifies the most critical species, ecosystems, and habitats within the habitats of University of Peradeniya. Key species might include endangered or keystone species that play pivotal roles in their ecosystems. Ecosystems and habitats are described in detail, encompassing forests, streams, rivers, ponds and  grasslands.

2. Assessment of Threats to Biodiversity: This aspect involves a thorough analysis of the challenges faced by the biodiversity in the target area. Common threats include habitat loss due to deforestation or urban development, pollution from various sources, the impact of climate change, and the proliferation of invasive species. Recognizing and understanding these threats is essential for crafting effective conservation strategies and mitigation efforts.

3. Site Selection: Identify the habitats and ecosystems within the University for restoration and conservation. Develop detailed maps of biodiversity hotspots, vulnerable areas, and potential conservation zones.

4. Land Declaration: Declare the land to be used in restoration and conservation projects during next 20 years and  incorporate them into land-use strategic plan of the University.

5. Conservation Initiatives:  

• Habitat Restoration: Prioritize and initiate habitat restoration activities in critical areas, emphasizing the preservation of native plant species and revitalization of degraded ecosystems.

• Wildlife Protection: Implement measures to safeguard vulnerable and endangered species, including the establishment of wildlife corridors, nesting areas, and sanctuaries.

• Sustainable Landscaping: Promote the use of native plants in landscaping and adopt sustainable gardening practices.

• Sustainable Practices: Integrate biodiversity conservation principles into all university operations, focusing on energy-efficient practices, reduced chemical usage, and sustainable waste management.

• Research Initiatives: Encourage and support biodiversity research projects involving students and faculty, fostering innovation and knowledge creation

• Educational Programs: Launch educational campaigns, workshops, and guided tours to raise awareness about campus biodiversity.

• Ecotourism: Develop a ecotourism hub at University of Peradeniya to inculcate a sustainable tourism culture in the region.