My name is Philip Cho and I'm a senior of Clarkstown High School North
I was born in South Korea and moved to Clarkstown in 2017.
I'm the co president of North's robotics team, the 8-Bit Rams. I'm also the senior class treasurer.
Biking is my favorite hobby: I've explored three continents and eight states. I also run a social media account recording my biking adventures.
During my three years in the Science Research Program, I studied topics in batteries and education.
I submitted my final paper on SLA batteries to Regeneron STS.
A 12V 18Ah SLA battery used for FRC robots
The official power supply for the First Robotics Competition (FRC)®, Sealed Lead-Acid (SLA) batteries boast high reliability, low cost, and high-discharge rates. However, as co-president of my robotics team, I always doubted whether these batteries could always provide the necessary power to the robots during matches in an efficient manner, especially when deep cycles and motor temperature increases create more resistance. Using my knowledge in batteries from my research at Brookhaven National Laboratory, I decided to research on the impact of motor temperature changes to battery voltage. The research was conducted on three different batteries that were eight months, fifteen months, and three years old. These three batteries were used to run eight NEO Brushless motors in room temperature and heightened temperature starting from 100% State of Charge (SoC). The time it took for the batteries to decrease four volts from the initial voltage was measured and compared between the two different temperature levels. While the results demonstrated that the temperature elevation in motors drastically decreased the voltage performance of all three age groups of batteries, it also demonstrated that the voltage drops were significantly higher and the time to drop 2V and 4V was shortened as the battery age increased.
These six graphs were produced by recording voltage data through the Driver Station software, refining the original graphs to remove irrelevant information, and adjusting the scale. The graphs on the first row show voltage drops of three different batteries at room temperature, while the graphs on the second row show the voltage drop of the same batteries directly above them at 28 degrees celsius. The voltage spikes are more apparent on older batteries than the newer ones.
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For a long time, the traditional American education system faced many criticism from students, parents, and teachers for its serious flaws. Students are often encouraged to memorize facts instead of developing useful skills, and the grade-based system forced students to depend on extrinsic motivation when learning something in school. These problems reached its climax during quarantine and its aftereffects are still visible today. As someone who had years of teaching experience in volunteer organizations and my work, I decided to take action by searching for an alternative curriculum.
Problem based Learning (PBL) is an alternative way of learning that fixes the problems from traditional learning. Unlike the traditional learning curriculum, where grades and facts are the most important factors in learning, PBL focuses on teaching important skill sets to students and emphasizes the learning experience. PBL has the ability aid students that lack long-term skills like critical thinking, communication, and intrinsic motivation. When I first learned about PBL, I realized that the skills students lost from the quarantine were nearly identical to the skills that PBL could improve. I decided to do research on PBL and make my own PBL curriculum and see for myself whether if it can truly be helpful.
While I was doing my research in PBL, I got in touch with my Great Aunt who was working as a missionary in Guatemala. In her group of fellow Korean missionaries, she was responsible for establishing schools and churches for children and teenagers in rural communities and finding educational opportunities for prisoners. When I told her about my research in PBL and my past experience teaching math, she offered me to teach at one the schools she helped establish. Of course, I couldn't refuse the golden opportunity to test my own curriculum.
Designing a PBL curriculum was no easy task. Guatemala not only had a completely different from the one in the U.S, but the missionary-built rural school I was taught at a completely different pace compared to the public schools in the urban areas. To make my class successful, I bought and studied multiple Guatemalan math textbooks, asked advice from local math teachers as well as korean missionaries that were familiar with the children I was going to be teaching, and watched spanish math youtube videos . Despite all of my efforts, the first day was a flop; most students failed the level test that I had prepared for them, and many students left the classroom in the middle of class because they were bored. Instead of being discouraged I made changes to my lesson plans to fit the needs of the students. As a result students began to find enthusiasm in learning math and their grades rose drastically. The local missionaries were especially amazed that I was able to retain most of my original class size, which has rarely happened during outreach programs like mine. The teachers at the school even decided to continue using my PBL curriculum, hoping that it would continue to benefit the students. Although I wasn't able to collect data from these students without a consent form, I was able to make new friends and leave a positive impact at Guatemala.
For most of my life I wasn't really interested in batteries or renewable energy. That was until I learned about Elon Musk. Tesla began to dominate the electric car market with powerful and futuristic electric cars, and SpaceX's first booster landing in 2018 announced the advent of a new space age. The innovations from these two companies started my passion in batteries since both electric cars and space colonies require a more efficient and powerful battery to operate.
During the summer of 2022, I was able to participate in Brookhaven National Laboratory's High School Research Program, where I was able to research low-temperature (low-T) electrolyte and solid electrolyte materials with Dr. Enyuan Hu. While I had the option to study in the laboratory, I chose to study online because of the far distance.
Learning how to analyze diffraction patterns with Dr. Hu on zoom
My goal for this program was to explore the different types of Li-ion batteries and analyze the ones that have the highest potential for operating well below freezing temperatures. Although I was not able to collect any data or conduct experiments in the laboratory during the program because of COVID restrictions, I am currently researching PEO electrolytes to contribute to Dr. Hu’s upcoming paper by interpreting data in the discussion section. I compiled data from more than twenty five papers to study the properties of electrolyte solvents such as ethyl carbonate and salts such as Lithium hexafluorophosphate. I also read many papers on a variety of electrolytes such as LISICON, LGPS, and PEO. I paid attention to data such as ionic conductivity, permittivity, grain-boundary resistance to determine their performance in low temperatures. Using the software VESTA, I studied many crystal and polymer structures of electrolytes that I researched above. I also learned how to read and compare Pair Distribution Function (PDF) data with the software PDFGUI. For my final presentation, I concluded that LGPS, a sulfide-based electrolyte, seemed to be the most promising low-temperature electrolyte due to its high ionic conductivity and wide application with other electrolyte materials. LGPS have demonstrated high ionic conductivities at negative 45 degrees celsius and could be paired with other electrolyte materials like PEO, a polymer electrolyte, to gain flexibility.