Embedded Files
objectives
objectives
- Describe the role of the circulatory system in providing cells with nutrients and removing wastes and in immunity to disease
What is a Pathogen?
What is a Pathogen?
A pathogen is an organism or virus that causes a disease.
They can be:
Fungi
Fungi
Bacteria
Bacteria
Protoctists
Protoctists
Viruses
Viruses
transmission activity
transmission activity
- Each of you will receive a test tube containing “bodily fluid.”
- Using a pipette you must swap your bodily fluid with two other people.
- ONE OF YOU WAS INFECTED!
4. Test to see if you are infected using iodine.
Brown = uninfected, BLUE/BLACK = INFECTED
5. Think about how this relates to pathogen transmission (i.e. spread of disease).
How are Pathogens Transmitted?
How are Pathogens Transmitted?
Transmission is where a pathogen is transferred from one organism to another.
The seven methods of transmission can be found below:
Defence! How our Bodies Fight Back!
Defence! How our Bodies Fight Back!
Surface Barriers - The First Line of Defence!
Surface Barriers - The First Line of Defence!
The Immune System
The Immune System
Our bodies defence against infection is called the immune system. Leucocytes are the cells which recognise pathogens and fight against them.
There are two main type of white blood cell that work in 2 separate ways to attack infections in our bodies.
Phagocytes - Non-Specific
Phagocytes - Non-Specific
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes
- Phagocytes are non-specific
- Contain a ‘lobed’ nucleus.
- They complete phagocytosis.
- Lymphocytes are SPECIFIC
- Contain a large nucleus that takes up most of the space.
- They make antibodies.
Watching Phagocytes in Action!
Watching Phagocytes in Action!
- Phagocytes carry out a process called phagocytosis, in which pathogens are engulfed by the phagocytes and destroyed by enzymes.
- They circulate in the blood and are found in higher concentrations in areas that are more prone to exposure such as the lungs.
- They are attracted to sites of cuts by chemical messengers.
cut and stick activity
cut and stick activity
Piece the pictures into the correct order and add a caption to explain what is happening. Try to use scientific terms where possible.
Words you should use are:
- Engulf
- Digest
- Enzyme
- Membrane Surrounds
- Chemical Messengers
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes
- Lymphocytes make and release proteins called antibodies.
- Antibodies attach to pathogens, causing them to clump together. This immobilises the pathogen and stops them from spreading. It also makes it easier for phagocytes to engulf them.
- Antibodies can also act as anti-toxins: neutralising the harmful substances produced by some pathogens.
- Other lymphocytes develop into memory cells.
- Memory cells make us immune to a disease. If the same pathogen returns the memory lymphocytes start the immune response much more rapidly than the first time.
modelling activity - antibodies and antigens
modelling activity - antibodies and antigens
Use the Crafts available to make a stop-gap animation or visual presentation about our immune systems.
You must include:
- 4 Types of Microbe
- Barriers to Transmission
- Non-Specific Immune Responses
- Specific Immune Responses
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