Project Number:
1U01CI000167-01
Contact PI / Project Leader:
CARTTER, MATTHEW LEWIS
Title:
PREVENTION OF LYME DISEASE IN CONNECTICUT
Awardee Organization:
CONNECTICUT STATE DEPT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Abstract Text:
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The emergence of Lyme disease (LD) as a public health problem in Connecticut over the last 28 years is due to the increased risk of tick bites among persons who live increasingly in suburban and rural areas near woodlands in Connecticut.
In 2002, Connecticut had the highest reported rate of LD of any state (136 cases per 100,000 population). This proposal will build upon the existing Connecticut Lyme Disease Program, a multi-agency collaborative effort in its 12th year.
This collaborative effort involves the Department of Public Health (DPH), the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES), the Connecticut Emerging Infections Program at the Yale University School of Public Health, the Westport-Weston Health District, the Ledge Light Health District, and the Torrington Area Health District.
The goal of the program's activities is to reduce the incidence of Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases in including babesiosis and ehrlichiosis. This proposal will evaluate the effectiveness of the currently available measures to reduce the risk of LD in the United States.
The community-based intervention projects in the three health districts, which are funded under current cooperative agreements with CDC, will be continued. These projects will continue to promote integrated strategies to reduce tick abundance, promote protective measures, and implement landscape modifications, including methods under development to reduce tick abundance by treating white-footed mice with acaricide in bait-boxes and deer with a 4-poster topical treatment system, and application of entomopathogenic fungus.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the diverse prevention measures and the costs of these interventions in relation to the number of cases prevented will include several methods including monitoring surveillance data, effect on vector populations, surveys of residents, pesticide applicators, and physicians, an analytic epidemiological study, and a case study of persons with confirmed exposure.
Summary
A total of approximately $2.6 million dollars (federal funding) over 3 years (2004-2007) was given to Matthew Cartter specifically to address Lyme disease in CT.
With that money Yale and Dept of Agriculture came to 2 conclusions, producing two abstracts/articles published in 2009 and 2010.
2009- One study's conclusions (a telephone interview) suggested that taking a bath and checking for ticks MAY help reduce risk of getting Lyme disease- "The results of this study suggest that practical activities such as checking for ticks and bathing after spending time in the yard may reduce the risk of Lyme disease in regions where peridomestic risk is high. Fencing did appear to protect against infection, but the mechanism of its protection is unclear." http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19595558
2010- The other study (a one-season application of a fungus residential yards) concluded approx 30% of nymph ticks contracted mycosis, therefore, the fungus application in residential yards "could provide another tool for the integrated approach to managing ticks in the residential landscape."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20939382
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J Med Entomol. 2010 Sep;47(5):862-7.
Evaluation of Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52 (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) for control of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae).
Source
The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street-Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504, USA. Anuja.Bharadwaj@ct.gov
Abstract
Field efficacy of an emulsifiable concentrate formulation of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52 for the control of Ixodes scapularis nymphs was evaluated at residential sites in northwestern Connecticut in 2007. Two spray applications with two rates, 3.2 x 10(5) and 1.3 x 10(6) spores/cm2, were made: the first on 8-9 May, 2-3 wk before nymphal activity, and the second on 29 June or 2 July when ticks were active. There was no significant difference in nymphal abundance between the three treatment groups (P = 0.490) after the first application, indicating that preseason or early applications are not effective, despite a bioasaay with yellow mealworms that showed spores in the treated areas was infective for at least 1 mo postapplication. By contrast, there was a significant difference in the number of nymphs collected between the treatments and control 3 wk (F = 16.928, df = 2, P < 0.001) and 5 wk (F = 6.627, df = 2, P = 0.002) after the second application. During the 3 wk after the second application, 87.1 and 96.1% fewer ticks were collected from lower and higher rate-treated sites, respectively, and after 5 wk, tick reductions were 53.2 and 73.8%, respectively. Over one- third (36.4% of 173) of the nymphs collected from the treated sites developed mycosis from M. anisopliae. The application of M. anisopliae strain F52 could provide another tool for the integrated approach to managing ticks in the residential landscape.
PMID:
20939382
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Am J Prev Med. 2009 Sep;37(3):201-6.
Peridomestic Lyme disease prevention: results of a population-based case-control study.
Connally NP, Durante AJ, Yousey-Hindes KM, Meek JI, Nelson RS, Heimer R.
Source
Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. neeta.connally@yale.edu
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Peridomestic Lyme disease-prevention initiatives promote personal protection, landscape modification, and chemical control.
PURPOSE:
A 32-month prospective age- and neighborhood-matched case-control study was conducted in Connecticut to evaluate the effects of peridomestic prevention measures on risk of Lyme disease.
METHODS:
The study was conducted in 24 disease-endemic Connecticut communities from 2005 to 2007. Subjects were interviewed by telephone using a questionnaire designed to elicit disease-prevention measures during the month prior to the case onset of erythema migrans. Data were analyzed in 2008 by conditional logistic regression. Potential confounders, such as occupational/recreational exposures, were examined.
RESULTS:
Between April 2005 and November 2007, interviews were conducted with 364 participants with Lyme disease, and 349 (96%) were matched with a suitable control. Checking for ticks within 36 hours of spending time in the yard at home was protective against Lyme disease (OR=0.55; 95% CI=0.32, 0.94). Bathing within 2 hours after spending time in the yard was also protective (OR=0.42; 95% CI=0.23, 0.78). Fencing of any type or height in the yard, whether it was contiguous or not, was protective (OR=0.54; 95% CI=0.33, 0.90). No other landscape modifications or features were significantly protective against Lyme disease.
CONCLUSIONS:
The results of this study suggest that practical activities such as checking for ticks and bathing after spending time in the yard may reduce the risk of Lyme disease in regions where peridomestic risk is high. Fencing did appear to protect against infection, but the mechanism of its protection is unclear.
PMID:
19595558
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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