PUBLIC HEARING: CHRONIC LYME DISEASE AND
LONG-TERM ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT
November 27, 2001
1 ALAN BARBOUR, M.D.; Sworn
2 MR. GOTTFRIED: Okay. Thank you.
3 Please, begin.
4 DR. BARBOUR: All right. I have no
5 idea what has gone on previously during the day, but
6 I thought I would mainly leave most of my time to
7 answering questions; and I would read a couple things
8 that I've written in the past, that are in the public
9 record and available for the public to see.
10 One is a short couple of sentences from
11 an op. ed. piece I wrote for the New_York_Times on
___ ____ _____
12 July 5th, 1997. And there I wrote:
13 "Many scientists who study Lyme disease
14 find themselves uncomfortably in conflict with
15 advocacy groups that might otherwise be their
16 benefactors. The controversy is not only about
17 priorities for research, but also about how to define
18 the disease and how best to treat it."
19 I basically feel that this is the same
20 situation now, in 2001, as what occurred in 1997.
21 The other -- a little longer piece is
22 from a book I wrote called Lyme_Disease:__The_Cause,_
____ ________ ___ ______
23 The_Cure,_The_Controversy, by Johns Hopkins Press,
___ _____ ___ ___________
24 published in 1996, and this is from page 190. And
25 it's after I describe a hypothetical case of someone
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1 who might have had Lyme disease and might not have
2 been given the diagnosis of chronic Lyme disease.
3 And her name was Evelyn. This is, again, a
4 hypothetical situation. And the subtitle for this
5 paragraph is, quote, "Is Lyme disease equivalent to a
6 Borrellia burgdorferi infection?"
7 "Before reconsidering Evelyn's
8 diagnosis, let's back up to the point when her
9 physicians concluded that she did not have Lyme
10 disease. As should be clear by now, since your
11 conclusion is controversial, some of these
12 differences of opinion over the diagnosis and
13 management lie in the fact that some people
14 distinguish between 'Lyme disease' and Borrellia
15 burgdorferi infection. Separated in many people
16 minds are, on the one hand, a clinical syndrome Lyme
17 disease which might be defined on the basis of
18 symptoms in a way that is valid and useful to patient
19 care, and on the other hand, an infection by a
20 particular microorganism, Borrellia burgdorferi. The
21 acknowledged difficulty in detecting the
22 microorganism widens the gulf between the concept of
23 Lyme disease and a spirochete infection. In a
24 situation such as this, that is, where the diagnostic
25 line between infection and no infection is fuzzy, it
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1 is tempting to make a diagnosis on the basis of a
2 constellation of symptoms alone, rather than a more
3 comprehensive view incorporating not only symptoms,
4 but also laboratory data and the likelihood of
5 becoming infected. Attributing a troubling,
6 disabling and chronic disease to a potentially
7 treatable infection is appealing for both physician
8 and patient.
9 "Nevertheless, diagnosis on these
10 grounds may be hasty. To invoke one type of
11 bacterium to account for all cases of what falls
12 under the broader diagnostic umbrella of Lyme disease
13 is akin to saying that all or most forms of arthritis
14 of the knee are due to Borrellia burgdorferi. There
15 are many kinds of arthritis, only one of which is
16 Lyme arthritis. A common form of arthritis,
17 rheumatoid arthritis, may be initiated by one or more
18 infectious agents, but this has not been proven.
19 Even the suspicion that an infection is the causative
20 agent has not yet led to a widely-accepted treatment
21 or means of prevention.
22 Those physicians who have a more
23 restricted definition of chronic Lyme disease appear
24 to be on the firmest scientific ground to judge from
25 the medical literature and textbooks, but that is not
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1 to say that the observations of those arguing for a
2 more broadly defined chronic Lyme disease are
3 invalid. It has been suggested by some that certain
4 patients do benefit from extended courses of therapy
5 and only approach normal health while being treated
6 with antibiotics, then these reports warrant serious
7 consideration. As has been discussed" - elsewhere in
8 the book - "this positive outcome with antibiotics
9 may be the consequence of a placebo effect either of
10 the medication itself or the physician's optimism and
11 encouragement. Alternatively, non-specific effects
12 of antibiotics may play a role in producing the
13 patient's sense of greater well-being. Perhaps,
14 through the poorly understood effects,
15 anti-inflammatory effects, or another bacterium.
16 Nevertheless, until a group of patients meeting the
17 broader definition of Lyme disease are treated
18 blindly and randomly in a controlled trial, it may be
19 shorted-sighted to reject on hand some of these
20 reports of inexplicable benefits from antibiotics."
21 Now, that's by -- where I stop.
22 I would just add that since I wrote the
23 book there has been the NIH study. And Dr. Klempner
24 is the principal investigator, and I'm sure you have
25 that information before you and it probably been
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1 discussed.
2 I think the other information that may
3 be relevant here is the results of the study of the
4 Persian Gulf -- people with -- who have been said to
5 have Persian Gulf syndrome. And there's a large
6 Veterans Administration study - I think it's still
7 going on, I'm not sure if that's completed or not -
8 of treating these individuals with antibiotics,
9 mainly a form of tetracycline. And I think if --
10 this may be relevant in the sense that if a benefit
11 is shown of antibiotics in this situation, it might
12 indicate, you know, an effect of antibiotics that
13 hadn't been anticipated in terms of treating people
14 with these fairly non-specific symptoms.
15 I'm open to questions.
16 MR. GOTTFRIED: Thank you, Doctor. I
17 have a couple of questions.
18 You were making the distinction between
19 Lyme disease and infection with the specific
20 bacterium that we've all been talking about --
21 DR. BARBOUR: Yes.
22 MR. GOTTFRIED: -- which I won't try to
23 pronounce. Is your point that the collection of
24 symptoms that we call -- that are associated with
25 Lyme disease may be caused by bacteria other than
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1 that or may be somehow non-bacterial or what?
2 DR. BARBOUR: Well, I think here we
3 come back to the question of how you define Lyme
4 disease just on the basis of symptoms. For
5 epidemiologic purposes, for county cases, it's -- I
6 think everybody would agree it's best to be very
7 precise so you don't mix apples and oranges. But for
8 an individual patient, then I think most physicians
9 and health care professionals would be, you know, a
10 little broader in their definition.
11 So, I think if -- but even if we accept
12 that limitation, I think Lyme disease can be -- has
13 been defined. I've seen it defined this way on Web
14 sites and literature that's so broad that, you know,
15 it could include other -- it certainly could include
16 other causes for that person's symptoms. And these
17 may be other bacteria; they may be a combination of
18 problems, as has been suggested for the Persian Gulf
19 syndrome, as a combination of various factors coming
20 together to produce symptoms of fatigue, muscle aches
21 and things like that. So, yes, to answer your
22 question, if it's defined broadly enough, then --
23 yeah, then I think there could be another
24 explanations. I think the idea that erythema
25 migrans, the skin rash which was once thought to be
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1 characteristic of Lyme disease, I think there's -- in
2 my mind, I think there is evidence that it can be
3 caused by other bacterium. They're related to
4 Borrellia burgdorferi, but they're another species.
5 MR. GOTTFRIED: Okay. On the question
6 of appropriate treatment, we had at least one witness
7 earlier in the day, the medical director of one of
8 our major managed care companies, saying that they
9 reject long-term antibiotic treatment unless
10 essentially ordered to pay for it by our external
11 review system. Because they only believe in paying
12 for treatment or providing treatment that comes out
13 of evidence-based medicine, and that long-term
14 antibiotic treatment is not backed up by
15 evidence-based medicine, suggesting -- although I
16 guess we -- well, implying that there was an
17 evidence-based judgment against long-term antibiotic
18 treatment.
19 Do I understand your testimony to be
20 that there is not at this point an evidence-based
21 medicine judgment as to what the appropriate
22 treatment is?
23 DR. BARBOUR: My understanding of the
24 data is that if someone has had Borrellia burgdorferi
25 infection and this decision -- this conclusion has
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1 been reached after considering the clinical history,
2 the epidemiology, the laboratory tests, such was done
3 in the study in Boston - an NI-sponsored the study -
4 my understanding of the data, of that data and other
5 data, is that there's no additional benefit of
6 prolonged treatment for those individuals.
7 But my point is, I think there isn't
8 enough evidence-based medicine with regard to
9 individuals who may never have had Lyme disease to
10 begin with, but have a constellation of symptoms
11 that, you know, in some cases have led to a diagnosis
12 of Lyme disease by a health care professional and
13 have ended up being treated. I don't think -- from
14 what I understand, there has not been an adequate
15 study of those individuals to see if, really, in
16 fact, they're being benefited by antibiotics. This
17 was done -- has been done in the case of the VA study
18 with the Persian Gulf -- the people with Persian Gulf
19 syndrome, and they're testing that. It's very
20 well-defined in terms of, you know, their symptoms in
21 individuals and what they were at risk for, but they
22 are doing that study.
23 As far as I know, there hasn't been
24 another study that would be at all comparable to
25 that, with individuals who really don't even -- might
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1 not even be considered to have Lyme disease to begin
2 with by, you know, the strict definition of the NI
3 study.
4 MR. GOTTFRIED: Okay. Other questions?
5 DR. MILLER: Yes.
6 I'm Joel Miller. I'm on the Health
7 Committee. And I have a quote that you had made. It
8 said -- and this was on -- well, this is what you
9 have said:
10 "I think we need to go back to an
11 organism-based definition of the infection. And when
12 it comes to treating disease, we need a more
13 empirical approach to conditions that don't fit in
14 that diagnostic box. Also, as with most scientific
15 quests, there is still a lot to learn, but at least
16 there are these organisms identified. It remains for
17 research as to understand what happens when someone
18 is infected with more than one of them at a time."
19 Now, it's been the testimony today that
20 there is a great deal to learn: That, in fact, we
21 haven't been able to rule out the infection of these
22 organisms; that the one common theme is that the
23 diagnostic tests are more a failure than a help,
24 they're more a confusion than an assistance; and that
25 to base treatment on waiting for these laboratory
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1 tests to come back, it may, in fact, put the patient
2 at great risk. There was also testimony today about
3 the study that you're citing, in Boston, which talked
4 about the long-term treatment of antibiotics. And
5 basically the testimony was, it was neither long-term
6 nor the appropriate treatment with the appropriate
7 antibiotic.
8 And so the question is: Wouldn't you
9 like to stand on your comment that there's a great
10 deal to learn, and we have to learn more about how
11 these organisms function, than to say that there is
12 no basis to treat the organisms unless you can have a
13 laboratory test show you that they're there and that
14 this is probably not an organism-based disease?
15 DR. BARBOUR: Well, that's a lot to
16 comment on. I think I know where that quote came
17 from. It was fairly recently. It was on a Web
18 publication, if I'm correct. And that had to do with
19 mixed infections, which I think is another issue.
20 DR. MILLER: But we have more than one
21 microorganism here. Sometimes --
22 DR. BARBOUR: Right. I'm an infectious
23 disease physician, and we're used to finding out
24 what's the cause of diseases; that's how we operate.
25 Other physicians are in the position of acting and
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1 treating people for diseases in which they have no
2 idea what the cause is -- and maybe in the future we
3 will know. I think in most cases of Lyme disease
4 that I'm familiar with, either directly or hearing
5 about or reading about, going to meetings, the
6 individuals have, you know, through a combination of
7 talking to them, the patient history, physical, some
8 laboratory tests, including the ELISA and/or Western
9 blot, I think that you can come to a pretty good
10 conclusion about whether they have that infection or
11 not.
12 I think the -- what is, in my mind, the
13 problem and why, you know, we're all struggling with
14 this and -- you know, for a long, long time, for
15 several years now -- is coming to some agreement
16 about -- what about the individuals who really don't
17 fall into that more classical presentation? I think
18 no one would argue about how to manage the people if
19 they do have the positive blood test, they do have
20 the classic skin rash and live in an area that has a
21 lot of Lyme disease. It's the people who don't fall
22 in that category that everybody has difficulty with.
23 And my point is, why not study those individuals and
24 do a study of whether antibiotics help or not? I
25 agree that the study in Boston, it was well done in
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1 term of how it was set up and defined. And they had
2 to -- obviously, by their criteria had to stop at
3 some point. I would hope that they or someone else
4 is planning to do a study that would, you know, look
5 at longer oral treatments and -- with people who may
6 not have had Lyme disease to begin with by the
7 classic definition.
8 DR. MILLER: Did I hear you to say that
9 that study was well done?
10 DR. BARBOUR: Well, I think it was well
11 done in the sense of how it was defined, yeah. I
12 mean, they were --.
13 DR. MILLER: Yeah, they defined --.
14 DR. BARBOUR: I'm not in a position --
15 I don't have it in front of me or reviewed it
16 intensely last night to know, but --.
17 DR. MILLER: But if you use six weeks
18 as a definition of long term, but use low doses of
19 potentially the inappropriate antibiotic to determine
20 whether long-term treatment by antibiotics was
21 adequate -- we had one study presented today that
22 took two years for resolution, checking on clear
23 symptoms of infection.
24 Empirically speaking, though, if
25 someone comes and has symptoms, and you treat them
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1 with antibiotics and they continue to get better, in
2 spite of the fact that they haven't found your
3 particular bacteria yet, would you say that continued
4 treatment with antibiotic, as long as they were
5 getting better, made sense?
6 DR. BARBOUR: Well, I would think it
7 would make sense if there was a controlled trial to
8 show that it had a benefit, yeah.
9 DR. MILLER: In other words, if they're
10 really not getting better because of the antibiotics,
11 or even if they're getting better with the
12 antibiotics, we should immediately find someone with
13 the same symptoms and not give them the antibiotic to
14 see if they get equally better over the same long
15 period of time?
16 DR. BARBOUR: I'm sorry, I didn't hear
17 that.
18 DR. MILLER: Well, we have someone who
19 goes into a physician's office, the physician
20 diagnoses them based on their skill as a physician,
21 says, "I think you have Lyme." They begin a regimen
22 of antibiotic treatment, the patient continues to get
23 better. And you're saying, well, we really don't
24 know if the patient is getting because of the
25 antibiotic; we should immediately find someone with
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1 the same symptoms and not treat them, and see if they
2 get equally better? How else do you do a
3 double-blind study, or how else -- do you have some
4 other way of doing the study, unless you do that? I
5 mean, is that what you're suggesting, that it's not
6 enough that the person is getting better? I mean, we
7 can prove they're getting better. You're doubting
8 whether they're getting better because of the
9 antibiotic. So, the only way we can make a
10 determination here is to find someone with the same
11 symptoms and not give them the antibiotic and see if
12 they get well also; is that what you're saying?
13 DR. BARBOUR: Well, I think that's
14 maybe an overly simple way of saying it, and I
15 think --.
16 DR. MILLER: It's pretty direct, I
17 thought. It was about as simple as I could make it.
18 DR. BARBOUR: I don't think you just
19 one person versus another. It would have to be a
20 large study --
21 DR. MILLER: So, you can't treat --?
22 DR. BARBOUR: -- which there was a
23 question whether antibiotics help or not. Some
24 people walk into an office, who have an bacterial
25 infection, and we treat them for as long as
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1 necessary.
2 DR. MILLER: There you go. That's
3 exactly what we would like to see. I mean, frankly,
4 if someone walks into your office and they have what
5 you perceive to be infection, you can't tell them to
6 wait in the waiting room until you have ten other
7 people, so you can have a group. I mean, each
8 physician, don't you believe, has to treat the
9 patients as they come in, with the symptoms that they
10 have, with the treatment that they have on hand.
11 I mean, it's interesting that, you
12 know, we have to look for this bacteria. I wonder --
13 was his name Lister, who couldn't quite tell whether
14 the bacteria were causing illness, but he thought if
15 we eliminated bacteria in general maybe people would
16 survive in a hospitals instead of dying? I mean,
17 sometimes you have to make this leap.
18 But clearly we're in the middle of a
19 major controversy and disaster. We have 10,000
20 people in New York State that have - quote, unquote -
21 chronic Lyme disease, which in your opening remarks
22 you suggested was not the same as the spirochetal
23 disease, which is an infection but something else,
24 yet they get better with antibiotics, and you're
25 suggesting it's not valid because we don't have a
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1 double-blind study. And then you alluded to a study
2 in Boston, which the only -- I mean, the overwhelming
3 comments about it was that it was totally flawed. I
4 mean, if that study was totally flawed, we shouldn't
5 refer to it at all. I mean, I remember a time in the
6 paper where they talked about someone discovered cold
7 hydrogen fusion. That lasted a week, until someone
8 said no one else could produce it.
9 But, I mean, frankly, at this point we
10 have physicians treating sick patients, and what
11 you're suggesting is, in spite of the fact they're
12 getting better with antibiotics, this may not be an
13 infection and we should wait to do another study. I
14 mean, what would you like us to wait for?
15 DR. BARBOUR: Well, I don't know what
16 the testimony has been before, you know, I spoke.
17 But I am very convinced that if this is going to
18 be -- that sort of opinion was widespread, that all
19 it took is -- someone gets better with antibiotics,
20 we really don't know if there is an infection or not,
21 and we're just going to continue it for symptoms that
22 I consider to be non-specific and could have another
23 cause, not -- when I'm speaking about infection and
24 we continue antibiotics for something like a fever, a
25 documented fever, a documented elevated white
285
1 count -- the documented recovery of the tuberculosis
2 bacteria from the sputum, from the bone -- you know,
3 we have evidence that the infections continued. We
4 have evidence from controlled studies that if someone
5 stops antibiotics after four weeks, that they have a
6 ten percent chance of relapsing, and so we use it for
7 six to eight week. There are studies that indicate
8 this.
9 And I am very sure that in the case
10 that -- you know, such that you're describing,
11 except, you know, for the occasional one which, you
12 know, no one else knows what to do, then I think the
13 physician has the justification for going ahead and
14 treating. But for most cases, we can't operate in
15 medicine that way. We have to have some sort of
16 evidence that this is doing some good. I mean, I
17 think we gave up bleeding people a long time,
18 leeches, even though that was the accepted treatment
19 for a number of diseases, because, you know, we found
20 out that that really wasn't doing any good for most
21 people. So, I think if the idea of treating - you
22 mentioned 10,000 people - for long period of times, I
23 think we need better evidence that this is going to
24 do them some good.
25 DR. MILLER: I appreciate what you're
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1 saying. We just have a number of problems, and that
2 is the relative total abandonment of these 10,000
3 people by other specialists in the health field. So,
4 it's not as if they're being asked to come to an
5 office where someone is treating them successfully
6 for anything else, and so that's a problem. The
7 other problem is that, yes, sometimes we can find the
8 bacterium. Unfortunately, it's at autopsy, which
9 doesn't have the patient or their family at this
10 particular time. And that's been the problem.
11 Sometimes it's three years, sometimes it's five
12 years. In one case, it was 13 years later that they
13 finally found the spirochetes or -- you know, the DNA
14 evidence that the spirochetes were there.
15 And so, you know, the problem that we
16 have right now is that there is enough peripheral
17 evidence to show that there is a good possibility
18 that the bacteria are present, just that our current
19 techniques are not fully capable of identifying them
20 at this particular point. And that's something we
21 have to consider. If it's our diagnostic skills that
22 are failing us, but not our ability to treat, don't
23 you think we should go ahead with the treatment if,
24 in fact, it shows improvement in 80 percent of the
25 patients that come in for treatment and the other 20
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1 percent are not really being hurt? Because, again,
2 no other physician is willing to treat them for
3 anything.
4 So, you know, under a circumstance like
5 that, wouldn't you agree that it might not be a bad
6 idea to continue the antibiotic treatment as long as
7 80 percent of the people are getting better, the
8 other 20 percent aren't being hurt, that no other
9 physicians are rushing forward to treat them? And
10 that many times, many years later, in fact, we
11 finally do get a positive test for these. You know,
12 you sort of try to do the best you can and treat the
13 patients best way you can. Doesn't it seem that that
14 would be an appropriate best way?
15 DR. BARBOUR: Well, I think my earlier
16 remarks tried to emphasize that I have -- I'm open to
17 the idea that, you know, antibiotics help here, I
18 really am.
19 But what bothers me is, why does it
20 have to be a Borrellia burgdorferi infection? You
21 know, California doesn't have very many cases of Lyme
22 disease - there's some - but there are a lot of
23 individuals here in California who have a very
24 similar illness as what folks in New York are
25 suffering from. I don't think that most of them have
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1 Lyme disease; they may have something else. They may
2 get better with antibiotics, but if Lyme disease --
3 my point is, if you're trying to define Lyme disease
4 just on the basis of these symptoms and not take into
5 account negative laboratory results, then why
6 couldn't it be some other bacterial infection? In
7 the '50s, brucellosis was considered to cause exactly
8 the same symptoms, and there was -- chronic
9 brucellosis was the cause of this. Chronic fatigue
10 syndrome was considered for a long time to be caused
11 by the Epstein-Barr virus. There are other
12 infections that might be doing this.
13 And what bothers me is, you know, the
14 failure of imagination to consider other things. And
15 if antibiotics are helping, then why not do a study,
16 you know, to determine if they're really working or
17 not? I've suggested this to individuals with the
18 Lyme Disease Foundation, I've suggestion it to
19 individuals at NIH, and at meetings, to people at
20 CDC. Why not find out if this works or not? You
21 know, the study in Boston was some information. I
22 agree it wasn't complete, but I disagree that it was
23 completely flawed. I don't agree with that at all,
24 that statement. So, I'm very -- I'm trying to
25 encourage people to do an adequate study of this.
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1 Does it help or not?
2 I urge you to contact the people at the
3 VA. Dr. Sam Donta, who I'm sure some of you are
4 familiar with, is the lead investigator of that
5 study. Perhaps he has some data on whether
6 tetracycline helps these folks who have very similar
7 symptoms as what some of the folks with chronic Lyme
8 have.
9 DR. MILLER: I'm not going to dwell on
10 this much longer.
11 MS. MAYERSOHN: I just want to ask --.
12 DR. MILLER: I just want to say that we
13 do have two different spirochetes that have been
14 identified as the possible cause of problems, along
15 with other bacterium as well, that have to be treated
16 in addition to spirochete. So, this is an infection
17 that we lumped together, and it could be caused by
18 more than one entity. But the key factor is that all
19 of them respond to antibiotics and that you need the
20 antibiotics.
21 I'm going to stop at this point. I
22 thank you for your testimony. But Nettie Mayersohn,
23 who is my boss, is going to say something.
24 MS. MAYERSOHN: No, I'm just wondering
25 why the study comes even into what we're trying to do
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1 today, which is to allow doctors and patients to
2 decide on the course of treatment without
3 interference by any outside group. So, you can do as
4 many studies as you like, no one cares. And we all
5 support the study, but let the treatment go on the
6 way it's suppose to go on, with a decision being made
7 by the doctor and the doctor's patient.
8 By the way, Doctor, I wanted to ask
9 you: Do you treat many cases of Lyme disease in the
10 course of a year?
11 DR. BARBOUR: No, I don't. No. Well,
12 let me say something about -- I don't have problem
13 if, you know, a physician and a patient, an informed
14 patient, you know, undergo -- the patient undergoes
15 prolonged treatment with antibiotics in the case
16 where somebody doesn't have a better explanation. I
17 stress that I hope that a thorough diagnostic workup
18 had been done to rule out other possibilities. But
19 if it's an adult and they're willing to pay for it,
20 or someone is willing to pay for it, then I -- you
21 know, that's up to them. But I do have a problem --
22 I've seen children being treated for long periods of
23 time with multiple antibiotics, and I'm not sure
24 that's in all cases justified. And so that -- and
25 I've seen people with complications --
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1 MS. MAYERSOHN: Those children --.
2 DR. BARBOUR: -- from antibiotics for
3 the longest period of time.
4 MS. MAYERSOHN: Those children have
5 parents, Doctor.
6 DR. BARBOUR: And I think that people
7 need to be informed about those possibilities.
8 MS. O'CONNELL: Doctor, this Maureen
9 O'Connell. I'm a member of the committee as well.
10 And I'm just going to tell you that, you know, we're
11 going to end our comments with you very shortly, and
12 I thank you for your testimony. But we just had a
13 youngster in here who -- when you talk about a
14 thorough diagnostic workup, she had seen 17
15 specialists before someone would even venture to make
16 a diagnosis of this young lady. And by that time she
17 was practically -- and ten months -- wherein she was
18 practically completely and totally incapacitated to
19 the point that she could not lift up her head. And
20 of those 17 consults that she had, no one initiated
21 any treatment or made any definitive diagnosis, and
22 other -- all tests were inconclusive.
23 So, we're facing a dilemma here. And
24 physicians who are treating, who are on the front
25 lines, are facing a dilemma, and patients are
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1 suffering. So, until such time as we have more
2 definitive tools, we need to do something for these
3 patients. And I don't think you would disagree with
4 that. This just is a process that may take more time
5 to do some very good studies, but in the interim we
6 do have a problem that needs to be addressed.
7 DR. BARBOUR: Well, maybe I don't
8 understand what the problem is. Why can't a
9 physician with an informed patient treat them with
10 antibiotics if -- I mean, who is preventing that?
11 MR. GOTTFRIED: Well, Doctor, this is
12 Assemblyman Gottfried. Part of the issue here is
13 that you -- well, what's preventing it is, A,
14 insurance companies that refuse to pay. And for many
15 people, if the insurance company can't pay for the
16 treatment, that effectively keeps it from them. And,
17 secondly, our State Health Department has been
18 bringing a significant number of physician discipline
19 cases at physicians who were providing this long-term
20 antibiotic treatment. And part of our inquiry is to
21 determine whether that form of treatment and the
22 chronic Lyme diagnosis is in the reasonable ballpark
23 of professional judgment, and if so, would that lead
24 you to believe that these physician discipline cases
25 are inappropriate? And so while the Legislature is
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1 not in the business of making medical judgments,
2 there are public policy consequences or public policy
3 related reasons why this kind of issue would be of
4 interest to us.
5 DR. BARBOUR: Yeah, I understand. I
6 obviously can't make a comment on individual cases.
7 There may be other factors involved than just simply
8 the length of antibiotic treatment. It's a difficult
9 problem, I agree. I think the data that's out there
10 suggests that -- you know, the published data in
11 peer-reviewed papers suggests or indicates, strongly
12 indicates, that prolonged therapy is not going to do
13 much good. So, that's why I stress again, why not do
14 a controlled study to help settle this issue?
15 MR. GOTTFRIED: Well, let me just
16 ask --.
17 DR. BARBOUR: Until you have that
18 evidence-based medicine, then one can understand why
19 the insurance companies would be a little reluctant
20 to pay for something that may not work.
21 MR. GOTTFRIED: Doctor, when you say
22 studies document that the long-term treatment is not
23 effective, we've heard -- I mean, we're aware of the
24 Klempner study that was published in the New England
25 Journal this spring. Are there others that come to
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1 that conclusion, that you could point us to?
2 DR. BARBOUR: Well, let me turn it
3 around. I think that, as far as I know, is the only
4 one that addresses that question. Let me turn around
5 with it, though. There are other studies -- and I
6 don't have them in front of me and I couldn't quote
7 them -- but my recollection is that there are other
8 studies indicating that relatively short periods of
9 treatment, for instance, up to a month, are effective
10 in the majority, if not large majority, if not all
11 patients. So, there is that data available.
12 MR. GOTTFRIED: Okay.
13 DR. BARBOUR: You know, again, we're
14 not -- that's individuals that have very well-defined
15 cases of Lyme disease. I don't think that's what
16 either one of us are talking about here. I think
17 we're talking about people, as you said - or someone
18 said - that may have, you know, a negative test,
19 laboratory test, standard test, or who don't get
20 better with antibiotics after a month or so.
21 MS. MAYERSOHN: They're not the issue.
22 DR. BARBOUR: That's what we're dealing
23 with, and that's what there is very little data on.
24 MR. GOTTFRIED: Okay. Okay. I
25 appreciate your being available to us and your
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1 testimony, and I know we had to -- we had you lined
2 up for earlier in the day, and I appreciate your
3 willingness to be available at this point. And I
4 want to thank you for your testimony.
5 DR. BARBOUR: Okay. Well, good luck in
6 what you're trying to do. I think it's a tough job.
7 MR. GOTTFRIED: Well, thank you.
8 DR. BARBOUR: Bye.
9 MR. GOTTFRIED: Okay. Which reminds me
10 of a passage in Confucius which says that it is
11 difficult to be a ruler, but being a subject isn't
12 easy either. Okay. One of his disciples asked
13 whether there was one expression that could save the
14 empire, and that was his answer.
15 Okay. Our next witness is Pam
16 Weintraub, a reporter with HMS_Beagle and former
___ ______
17 editor of Omni magazine. And just, again, let me
____
18 know -- and this comment is not particularly aimed at
19 you, but if both the witnesses and the legislators
20 are efficient and expeditious, we can all get home.