This is a great link to use: https://www.whitman.edu/academics/departments-and-programs/biology/virtual-pig
Human A&P Final Exam Learning Objectives 2019
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Identify tissues that make up the cardiovascular system (CVS) and the characteristics of each – especially the features of cardiac muscle tissue.
Name and identify the major organs of the CVS.
Describe how blood flows through the heart (including the pulmonary, systemic and cardiac circuits) and each of the major blood vessels leaving/entering the heart (Be able to draw this!)
Compare and contrast the anatomy of blood vessels including similarities and differences between arteries and veins and smaller blood vessels and how their structure relates to their function!
Identify the name and function of the structures of the heart identified in lab including pericardium, interventricular septum, 4 different valves (2 types), endocardium, epicardium, myocardium, chordae tendinae, papillary muscles, ventricles, apex, aorta, pulmonary artery, left/right atria, and coronary artery.
Explain how the two types of valves in the heart (semilunar vs atrioventricular) work differently
Describe the cardiac conduction system in terms of its route and the rate at which each of those specialized cells conducts impulses (SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers, etc.) and state the effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Describe the electrical activity of the heart as seen on an EKG (ECG) – describe what is happening in each of the waves that make up a cardiac cycle.
Describe the causes of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Describe each of the following and their purpose in connection with cardiovascular disease: stents, angioplasty, cardiac bypass surgery and nitroglycerin tablets.
Respiratory System
Name and locate the major organs of the respiratory system (see pictures in your journal): nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, right/left lungs (and lobes), sinuses (don’t need to know their names), epiglottis
Describe the anatomy of the respiratory system from trachea to alveoli and explain the features found along the way including cartilage rings, smooth muscle, etc.
Describe the role of goblet cells and cilia found on the epithelial lining of the bronchial tree.
Explain the role of the diaphragm and other muscles in breathing - including a discussion of air pressure differences.
Name each of the pleural membranes and describe their role with inflating the lung.
Describe the interpleural space and what happens when air or too much fluid is found in this space.
Describe the tissue arrangement of the respiratory membrane and what important process this allows.
Describe the role of surfactant.
Describe the causes, symptoms, and general treatments and asthma.
Digestive System
Identify the main functions of the digestive system.
Identify & describe the major organs of the digestive system, their role, and how they perform this role.
be sure to mention bile, pancreatic enzymes, salivary amylase, etc.
Describe the 4 major layers of the alimentary canal in terms of features and functions.
Explain how peristalsis works and where you would expect to see it happening.
Explain the difference between mechanical digestion and chemical digestion and give an example of each.
List the location of the first and major regions where carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are each chemically digested.
Describe the 3 types of secreting cells in the stomach and the role of each of their secretions.
State the precise location and explain the function of villi and microvilli in the digestive tract.
Explain the symbiotic relationship of the bacteria in our digestive tract – How is this an example of mutualism where both organisms benefit?
Give descriptions of the symptoms and causes of each of the following: stomach ulcers, heartburn, diarrhea, diverticulitis, and gall stones.
Urinary System
Describe the major functions of the urinary system.
Locate and describe the gross anatomy of the urinary system - kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, renal artery, renal vein, (and adrenal glad -endocrine organ), renal capsule
Describe the gender difference in terms of frequency of UTI (urinary tract infections) and some major causes of these.
Describe where peristalsis occurs in the urinary system and what type of tissue makes this possible.
Reproductive system:
Identify the following in dissection: male vs female pig (from external anatomy and internal), ovaries, fallopian tube, testes, vas deferens, scrotal sac
Know one basic function of each of the structures above
Fetal Pig Dissection Checklist
See below for the checklist of what you need to know for Friday's dissection lab practicum!
Also, here is a virtual pig dissection with quizzes to use for review: https://www.whitman.edu/academics/departments-and-programs/biology/virtual-pig/quizzes
Another great review: https://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/fetal_pig_dissection.html
Here is a video I would highly recommend reviewing -especially if you missed a day of dissection!