Unit 9 Evolution
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Describe some of the observations Charles Darwin made in his voyages that helped him develop his idea of evolution by natural selection. (What is the significance of each observation?)
Define natural selection in terms of a change in gene frequency in a population over time and state three requirements for this to occur.
Describe in steps how some populations of bacteria have evolved resistance to antibiotics
Describe what type (or groups) of organisms are most often native to oceanic islands (formed volcanically) and what scientists infer using this information.
Explain the difference between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. What are these terms referring to and when would we expect to see punctuated equilibrium in a population?
Describe what information is used today and how it is used to construct cladograms. Be able to compare which organisms are more closely related using a cladogram. (What does it mean to be more closely related to a species different than your own?)
Explain why DNA or amino acid differences are used to infer how closely related two organisms are.
Interpret graphs for polygenic traits and describe the differences between directional selection, stabilizing selection and disruptive selection
(Higher level) Be able to explain the difference between divergent evolution (adaptive radiation) and convergent evolution and give at least 2 examples of each.
Describe what type of species are most often native to oceanic islands and what scientists infer using this information.
Describe evidence for evolution including: artificial selection, the fossil record, homologous structures (vs analogous), embryology, biogeography and molecular data (DNA & amino acids).
Interpret graphs for polygenic traits and describe the differences between directional selection, stabilizing selection and disruptive selection
Explain the role of mutations in natural selection --they are what contribute or give rise to the genetic variation that must be present in a population before the population experiences a new challenge from its environment!
WHAT TO STUDY FROM:
Look over your video notes (The Making of a Theory, The Evolutionary Arms Race & Why Sex (4th period didn't see Why Sex-it was offered as extra credit)
Look over your natural selection notes -esp. 3 requirements and types of selection.
1-2 questions max (out of ~20-25) from the EVOLUTION 2 notes
Review the cladogram practice assignments
WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION: Watch this video overview!
THIS UNIT WILLL COVER THE FOLLOWING CHAPTERS
Chapter 15 - Darwin's Theory of Evolution
Chapter 16 - Evolution of Populations
Chapter 17 -The History of Life - Fossil Records and Patterns of Evolution