Unit 9 Evolution

• • LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

  • Describe some of the observations Charles Darwin made in his voyages that helped him develop his idea of evolution by natural selection. (What is the significance of each observation?)

  • Define natural selection in terms of a change in gene frequency in a population over time and state three requirements for this to occur.

• Describe in steps how some populations of bacteria have evolved resistance to antibiotics

• Describe what type (or groups) of organisms are most often native to oceanic islands (formed volcanically) and what scientists infer using this information.

• Explain the difference between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. What are these terms referring to and when would we expect to see punctuated equilibrium in a population?

• Describe what information is used today and how it is used to construct cladograms. Be able to compare which organisms are more closely related using a cladogram. (What does it mean to be more closely related to a species different than your own?)

• Explain why DNA or amino acid differences are used to infer how closely related two organisms are.

• Interpret graphs for polygenic traits and describe the differences between directional selection, stabilizing selection and disruptive selection

• (Higher level) Be able to explain the difference between divergent evolution (adaptive radiation) and convergent evolution and give at least 2 examples of each.

• Describe what type of species are most often native to oceanic islands and what scientists infer using this information.

• Describe evidence for evolution including: artificial selection, the fossil record, homologous structures (vs analogous), embryology, biogeography and molecular data (DNA & amino acids).

• Interpret graphs for polygenic traits and describe the differences between directional selection, stabilizing selection and disruptive selection

  • Explain the role of mutations in natural selection --they are what contribute or give rise to the genetic variation that must be present in a population before the population experiences a new challenge from its environment!

WHAT TO STUDY FROM:

• • Look over your video notes (The Making of a Theory, The Evolutionary Arms Race & Why Sex (4th period didn't see Why Sex-it was offered as extra credit)

  • Look over your natural selection notes -esp. 3 requirements and types of selection.

  • 1-2 questions max (out of ~20-25) from the EVOLUTION 2 notes

  • Review the cladogram practice assignments

WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION: Watch this video overview!

THIS UNIT WILLL COVER THE FOLLOWING CHAPTERS

Chapter 15 - Darwin's Theory of Evolution

Chapter 16 - Evolution of Populations

Chapter 17 -The History of Life - Fossil Records and Patterns of Evolution