The Creation of American Society 1450-1775, Part I.
Worlds Collide: Europe, Africa, and America 1450-1620
Native American Worlds
I. Origins
II. Cultural Foundations
III. Mesoamerica-Mayas and Aztecs
A. Mayans-Yucatan Peninsula (900 BC-800 AD)
B. Aztecs
IV. Tribal Setting in 1500
A. Numbers
B. Eastern Province
1. Algonquian
2. Iroquoian
1. League of 5 nations
2. Cherokee
C. Muskhogean
D. Siouan
Traditional European Society in 1450
I. Peasantry
II. Hierarchy and Authority
A. Kings and Noblemen
B. Family
C. Primogeniture
III. Religion
A. Roman Catholic Church
B. Christian Knights
C. Crusades (1096-1291)
Europe Encounters Africa and the Americas, 1450-1550
I. The Renaissance
A. “rebirth”
B. Civic Humanism
C. Artistic expression
D. The Prince(1513) Machiavelli & Monarchy
E. Portugal-Prince Henry(1394-1460)
II. West African Society and Slavery
A. Agrarian-traders
B. Princes
C. Secret Societies
D. Religion
E. Impact of Europeans
F. Slave Trade
III. Europe reaches the Americas
A. Bartholomew Dias (1488) & Vasco De Gama (1498) (1502)
B. Spain
1. Ferdinand & Isabella (Hapsburgs)
a. Reconquista
b. Inquisition
2. Columbus (1492) “Las Indias”
IV. The Spanish Conquest
A. Conquistadors
1. Juan Ponce de Leon (1513)
2. de Balboa (1513)
B. Fall of the Aztecs and Incas
1. Hernan Cortes (1519)
2. Aztecs
3. Mayans
4. Francisco Pizarro (1524)
C. Legacy of the Conquest
1. Population
2. Bureaucratic Empire
3. Encomiendas
4. Columbian Exchange
5. Mestizo
Protestant Reformation and the Rise of England
I. The Protestant Movement
A. The Catholic Church Institution
B. Martin Luther (1517) Germany
1. Ninety-Five Theses
2. Excommunicated (Holy Roman Empire)
C. John Calvin (Geneva)
D. Protestantism in England
1. King Henry VIII (1509-1547)
2. Church of England (1534)
3. Queen Elizabeth I. (1588-1603)
a. Grace & Communion
b. Knox-Scotland (presbyters)
c. Puritans
II. Dutch and English Challenge Spain
A. King Phillip II (1556-1598)
B. Dutch Republic (1581)
C. Spanish Armada (1588)
D. Results
III. Social Causes of English Colonization
A. Economic and Religious conflict
B. Decline of the Nobility
1. Price Revolution
2. Gentry and yeomen
3. House of Lords vs. House of Commons
C. Dispossession of the Peasantry
1. Enclosure acts
2. Crop Failures and poverty
The Creation of American Society 1450-1775, Part II.
The Invasion and Settlement of North America, 1550-1770
Imperial Conflicts and Rival Colonial Models
I. New Spain
A. Requerimiento
B. Encomienda (1512)
C. Coronado (1540-42)
D. De Soto (1539-43)
II. Threats to the Empire
A. St. Augustine (1565)
B. Comprehensive Orders for New Discoveries (1573)
1. Mission System
2. Ornate (1598 & 1604-05)
3. repartimiento (1600)
4. Santa Fe (1610)
C. Pope (1680)
D. De Vargas (1691)
III. New France
A. Cartier (1530)
B. Champlain-Quebec (1608)
C. Marquette (1673) & La Salle (1681)
D. Settlement
E. French and the Indians
1. The Noble Savage
2. Coureurs de bois
3. Black Robes
4. Huron vs. Iroquois (1640s)
5. Chickasaws
IV. New Netherlands
A. Dutch East Indian Company
1. Henry Hudson (1609)
2. Fort Orange
B. Dutch West India Company (1621)
1. New Amsterdam 1625
2. Anglo-Dutch War (1664)
V. First English Settlement
A. Landed Gentry
B. English Merchants
1. Joint Stock Companies
2. King James I –Virginia (1606)
C. Jamestown (1607)
1. John Smith and the Settlers
2. Powhatan Confederacy
3. John Rolfe-tobacco
D. Virginia Company
1. Headright
2. House of Burgesses (1619)
3. Opechancanough (1622)
The Chesapeake Experience
I. Royal Colony (1624) Virginia
A. Royal Governor & Privy council
B. Church of England
II. Maryland
A. Lord Baltimore (1634)
B. Toleration Act (1649)
III. Tobacco in the colonies
IV. Settlers
A. Indentured Servants
B. African Americans
V. Social Revolt
VI. Bacon’s Rebellion (1675-1676)
Puritan New England
I. Puritan migration
A. settlers
B. Mayflower (1620)
C. Mayflower compact
D. Plymouth colony
E. Massachusetts Bay (1630)
F. Government
II. Religion and Society 1630-1670
A. Church structure
B. Predestination
1. “conversion experience”
2. “preparation”
3. “covenant”
B. Puritan heretics
C. English Civil War (1642-1660)
IV. Puritan Witchcraft Trials
A. Supernatural Forces
B. Salem, Massachusetts (1692)
V. A Yeomen Society 1630-1700
A. fee-simple land distribution
B. Town Meetings
C. Division of Property
VI. The Indians New World
A. Pequot War (1636)
B. Metacom’s Rebellion (1675-76) (King Phillip’s War)
C. Fur Trade and Inland Peoples
-Iroquois Confederacy-Mohawk, Seneca, Onondaga, Oneida, and Cayuga