Notes
The Cold War-1950’s
I. The World After War
A. Deciding the fate of the post-war world
1. Yalta Conference (Feb-45)-#
2. Potsdam Conference-(July 45)-#
B. Political Changes
1. United Nations-(April 25, 1945)--#
a. Security Council-#
b. General Assembly-#
2. Nuremberg Trials-(45-46) -#
3. Tokyo Trials-#
4. Birth of Israel-(1948)
II. Roots of the Cold War
Cold War-competition between the US and USSR for power and influence in the world
Superpowers-US and USSR only major powers left in world after WWII
Satellite states-#
Iron Curtain-#
Containment-(1946)-#
-George Kennan-Long telegram
Truman Doctrine-(March 47)-#
Marshall Plan-(47)-#
Berlin Airlift-#
NATO-(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) (April 49)-#
-Warsaw Pact-(1955)-#
III. The year of the Communist (1949)
Chinese Civil War (1917-1949)-Mao Zedong(communist)
-Taiwan-Nationalists
-Increase support to Japan
B. USSR Atomic Bomb
C. French Indochina aid
IV. Cold War at Home(2nd Red Scare)
Federal Civil Defense Administration-#
Federal employee loyalty program-#
HUAC(House Un-American Committee)-(1938)-#
1. Hollywood Ten-#
2. Blacklist-#
Famous Spy Cases from the 2nd Red Scare
1. Alger Hiss-#
2. Ethel and Julius Rosenburg-#
McCarran Act(1950)-#
Senator Joseph McCarthy-#
McCarthyism-#
V. Korean War
38th Parallel-#
Invasion-June 25, 1950-North Korea communist forces attacked South Korea driving them all the way to Pusan
UN Police action-June 27 1950-Truman got the UN to support Korea and drive the communist back north
Douglas MacArthur-US general that led UN forces in Korea
Pusan Perimeter-Area in the South that the US sent troops to hold off and delay the fall of South Korea
Inchon-amphibious landing in the North that cut off North Korean supply lines and forced a retreat.
Yalu River-Border between North Korea and China that Macarthur pushed toward hoping to defeat North Korea, led to China entering the war
Chosin Reservoir-After the Chinese entered the war the US forces were surrounded and had to fight their way to the South, where a stalemate evolved
MacArthur fired-#
DMZ-Created on June 27, 1953 effectively ended the war when a cease fire was established(33,600-US died)
Results
1. SEATO-#
2. Increase aid to Vietnam
3. South Korea prosperous-continuous support
4. Cold War to Asia
5. Militarized Cold War-NSC-68
VI. Eisenhower and the Cold War
Southeast Asia
Eastern Europe-Would not risk war to help uprisings in satellite states
Middle-East
1. Suez-Canal Crisis-#
2. Eisenhower Doctrine-#
Arms Race-the struggle between US and USSR to gain weapons superiority (began with hydrogen bomb)
1. Deterrence-policy of making military so strong that no enemy would attack for fear of retaliation
2. Massive retaliation-#
3. Brinkmanship-#
Cold War in Skies
1. Strategic Air Command(SAC)-system of bombers on call to protect against surprise USSR attack-Motto “Peace is our profession”
2. ICBM-Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles- s
3. Sputnik-(1957)first artificial satellite to obit earth launched by Soviets
4. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)1958-#
5. National Defense Education Act-designed to improve science and math instruction so the US could compete with the USSR
6. U-2 incident-spy plane shot down by USSR in (May 1960)
7. Military-industrial complex-#
VII. Truman (domestic issues)
Reconversion-
Labor issues
1. Taft-Hartley Act-#
2. Union Shops-#
Fair Deal-#
–EO-desegregated the military
National Security act of 1947-formed CIA, Department of defense, NSC, Joint chiefs, & made Air Force
Election of 1948-Truman-Democrat
-Dixiecrats-#
-Republican-Thomas Dewey
VIII. VII. Election of 1952
-Checkers Speech-#
IX. Eisenhower (domestic)
Modern Republicanism-(dynamic conservatism)-#
Federal Highway Act(Interstate Highway Act)-#
-Automobile culture
X. Postwar America
A. Family-Increase in Divorce
1. Baby Boom-(45-61)-65 million children
-Dr. Spock-Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care
2. Affluent society-money to buy consumer goods
-Consumerism-
-Planned obsolescence
-Advertising Age
3. Resurgence of Religion
4. Generation Gap(RNR)-New hair & dress styles
5. Beat Movement-#
B. Changes in workforce-shift from blue collar to white collar jobs
1. Multinational Corporations-(Conglomerates)-#
2. Franchises-#
4. Serviceman’s Readjustment Act of 1944-GI Bill of Rights-#
5. Levittown-#
C. Problems in the 50’s
1. Poverty Line-#
2. Urban decline
3. Discrimination
4. Native Americans-Termination policy
5. Appalachia-#
D. Changes in Technology an medical
1. Computers-ENIAC-46-Make military calculations
2. Transistor radios
3. Medical-Radiation treatments, CPR, Heart Valves, TB
-Jonas Salk-Anti-Polio vaccine
4. Mass Media
5. Television
-FCC
6. Hollywood-Full color blockbusters, 3D tech,
7. Rock N Roll-Chuck Berry, Elvis, Buddy Holly, etc