FDR and the New Deal
I. FDR-Democrat-President from 1933 to 1945
A. Fireside Chats-#
B. Brain Trust-group of intellectuals from NY that helped FDR devise policy
C. FDR’s plan
1. Relief- Federal involvement in the economy, providing funds to states
2. Recovery-unemployment relief, restructure some programs, put people to work
3. Reform-to preserve capitalism
a. financial reform
b. social welfare reform
D. 100 days-#
E. New Deal-#( see hand out)
II. Critics of the New Deal
A. Conservative Critics-
-American Liberty League-criticized deficit spending-*# & regulations on business
B. Liberal Critics-
1. Dr. Francis Townsend & Townsend Plan-#
2. Rev. Charles E. Coughlin-#
3. Senator Huey Long-Share our wealth society-#
III. 2nd New Deal (see hand out)
IV. Election of 1936-#
V. FDR and the Supreme Court
A. NIRA and AAA unconstitutional by Supreme Court
1. Schechter Poultry v. US(1935)
2. US vs. Butler (1936)
B. Judicial Reorganization bill(Court Packing Bill)-#
C. 1937 Recession-#
-Keynes (Keynesian economic philosophy)-#
VI. Phase III or 3rd New Deal (see hand out)
VII. Minorities in the New Deal
A. Women- were discouraged from working
-Frances Perkins-#
-Eleanor Roosevelt-set the standard of 1st Ladies, became FDR eyes and ears and campaigned for his programs
B. Native Americans-Indian Reorganization Act-ended land allotments
-John Collier-Commissioner of Indian Affairs
C. African Americans-Switch to Democratic party-usually discriminated against
-Mary Bethune-head of unofficial black cabinet
VIII. Legacy of the New Deal
A. Broker State
B. Safety Net
C. Welfare state
On 100 New Deal Program Worksheet-* denotes program to know for test not EOC Vocab Word
New Deal Programs
1. Banking Holiday* (March 5-9. 1933)-4 day banking closure to stop the run on banks
1. Emergency Banking Relief Act (1933)-gave President power over credit transactions and gold, silver, and foreign currency, it also allowed the banks to re-open on 10 March if they could prove solvency
2. Federal Emergency Relief Act (12 May 1933)
-Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)-500 million in quick relief given to states
-Harry Hopkins-administer
3. Reforestation Relief Act (31 March 1933)
-Civilian Conservation Corps* (CCC)-provided 250,000 immediate jobs with necessities provided working on soil erosion, national parks, flood control, and conservation
4. Agriculture Adjustment Act* (AAA) [12 March 33]-designed to cut production, set up subsidy principle, where a farmer was paid to grow less, set up parity payment
-Farm Credit Act (16 June 33)-provided funds for farmers to meet their mortgage-paid for by tax on production of commodities
5. National Industrial Recovery Act* (NIRA) [16 June 33]-designed to balance business and labor, set minimum wage, max work hours, and fair codes for competition
-National Recovery Administration (NRA)-agency that enacted act
-Hugh Johnson Director, blue eagle symbol, “We do our part” motto
-Public Works Administration (PWA)-supervised building of roads, public buildings, and other projects
-Harold Ickes, director
Reform
6. Tennessee Valley Authority* (TVA) [18 May 33]-set up state company to dam Tennessee River and provide electricity
7. Federal Securities Act (27 May 33)-required the Federal government to register and approve all issues of stocks and bonds and issuers to make full disclosure
-Securities and Exchange Commission*(SEC)-regulates exchanges and transactions involving securities
8. Home Owners Refinancing Act (16 June 33)
-Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)-provide mortgage money and other aid such as taxes and money for repairs
9. Banking (Glass-Steagall) Auto of 1933 (16 June 33)
-Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation* (FDIC) - guaranteed individual bank deposits up to 5000, and permitted branch banking
1. Civil Works Administration* (CWA) [8 November 33]-created to provide temporary jobs raking leaves, shoveling snow, and working in national parks (about 4 million were employed) (more Relief)
2. Commission Act (19 June 34)
-Federal Communication Commission* (FCC)-supervise radio telegraphs and telephone communications
2nd New Deal
1. Emergency Relief Appropriation Act [ERAA] (8 April 35)-FDR given power to set up millions of jobs
-Works Progress Administration* (WPA)-set up to build public buildings schools airfields, projects with artist, historians’ etc.
-Federal Theater Project
-Federal Art Project
-National Youth Administration (NYA)
-Resettlement Administration (RA)-goal to improve condition of farm families not benefiting from AAA
-Rural Electrification Administration (REA)-to provide electricity to remote rural areas where it was not feasible to provide service privately
-Farm Securities Administration (FSA)-low interest loans to tenant and sharecroppers & sanitary camps
2. Wagner Act-National Labor Relations Board (5 July 35)-allowed workers to be in the Union, binding arbitration
3. Social Securities Act* (14 August 35)-set up payroll tax on employees to provide a pension for retired people and other disabled persons
4. Revenue Act of 1935-increased estate and corporate taxes, instituted high income tax rates
3rd New Deal Final Phase
1. 2nd Agriculture Adjustment Act* (16 February 38)-reestablished parity payment of AAA
2. Fair Labor Standards Act* (25 June 38)-set up minimum wage and setting 44 hr work week trimmed to 40 hour work week in 1940 (1st Minimum wage)