Notes Unit 3
Progressive Movement
Early Progressive Reforms
I. Challenging Social Darwinism –
A. Henry George- Progress and Poverty#
B. Lester Frank Ward- Dynamic Sociology#
II. Helping Urban Poor
A. Social Gospel-#
B. Salvation Army & YMCA-#
C. Settlement Houses-Hull House (Jane Addams) #
D. Public Education-
-Americanization#
III. Business-Econ-
A. Panic of 1893#
B. Sherman Antitrust Act-#
Populism-The people’s party
I. Money
A. Greenbacks#
B. Inflation#
C. Deflation#
1. Bimetallic Standard-currency consisting of coins or notes that could be exchanged for gold or silver
2. free silver-unlimited coining of silver
3. Bland-Allison Act of 1878-required the government to purchase and coin silver
4. Sherman Silver Purchase Act-(1890)-increased the amount of silver the government was required to purchase (repealed 1893)
II. Birth of the Populists
A. The Grange-(Patrons of Husbandry) 1866 Oliver H. Kelley
-cooperatives#
B. Farmers’ Alliances
-Sub treasuries#
C. The Populists (Peoples Party 1891) 1892 Platform
D. Panic of 1893
Rise of Segregation
I. African Americans after 1877-Tenacy & sharecropping
A. Exodusters#
B. Colored Farmers National Alliance#
II. Southerners turn back the clock
1. Poll Tax-#
- “grandfather clause”
2. Segregation-#
a. Jim Crow Laws-#
b. Supreme Court- 14th Amendment only applied to federal government and the Civil Rights act of 1875 was unconstitutional.
c. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)-#
II. African Americans in the Progressive movement
1. Booker T. Washington-#
-Atlantic Compromise#
2. George Washington Carver-#
3. Ida B. Wells-Barnett-#
4. Mary Church Terrell-#
5. W.E.B. Dubois-#
7. NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) (1909) #
The Progressive Movement
Causes
Science and Technology could improve society
Urbanization, immigration, &Industrialization created social problems
Laizzez-Faire government led to problems
Political corruption
Progressives-#
Progressive goals
End government corruption
End monopoly of big business
Improve working conditions/end child labor
End alcoholism
Women’s suffrage
wanted to help poor with public affairs
Muckrakers-#
Jacob Riis
Ida B. Tarbell-#
Lincoln Steffens-#
II. Efficient Government/ Scientific Management
-. City Governments-Mayor-Council
1. Commissioner form#
2. Council-Managers Form-#
3. Urban zoning, safer building codes, and park plans
III. Democratic Reforms
A. Wisconsin idea-(La Follette)-
-Direct primary-#
B. Election reforms
1. 17th Amendment#
2. Initiative-#
3. Recall-#
4. Referendum-#
5. Secret Ballot
IV. Social Change
A. Education-
1. Increased enrollment-Laws for attending school
2. John Dewey-Important philosopher and educator, promoted more problem solving skills and critical thinking
B. Professionalization-Exp (AMA)
C. Workplace
1. Lochner v. New York-#
2. Muller v. Oregon-#
3. Workers Compensation-1st law passed in MD in 1902
4. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911 NY)-#
V. Women’s Suffrage and Temperance
A. Seneca Falls 1848 –Declaration of Rights, Led by Stanton and Mott-Produced a “Declaration of Sentiments” that called for increased rights for married women, suffrage, and higher education
B. –Duel-Movements after CW
C. Susan B. Anthony-#
D. NAWSA (National American Woman Suffrage Association) #
E. Temperance-
-Women’s Christian Temperance Movement
-18th Amendment#
F. Alice Paul-NWA (National Women’s Party)-#
G. Carrie Chapman Catt-#
H. 19th Amendment (1920) #
Progressive Presidents
I. Teddy Roosevelt(TR) (01-09)(Republican)
A. Square Deal#
B. 1902 Coal miners Strike-#
-arbitration
C. Trustbuster
- Northern Securities v. United States-#
D. 1904 Election-TR won a huge victory over Alton Parker
E. TR and Business
1. Department of Commerce and Business#
2. Hepburn Act-#
F. Consumer protection
a. Upton Sinclair- The Jungle –#
b. Pure Food and Drug Act-(1906)#
c. Meat Inspection Act-#
F. TR and Conservation(movement or effort to protect nature and its resources)
a. TR set aside forest land created 5 National parks-Yellowstone System(16)
b. Newlands Reclamation Act 1902-#
c. Gifford Pinchot-TR head of US forest service in 1905
II. William Howard Taft-(09-13) (Republican)
A. Taft would bust up more trust than TR
-16th Amendment (1913) #
B. Republicans divided
1. Payne-Aldrich Tariff-#
2. Ballinger v. Pinchot (The Conservation Controversy) #
C. Election of 1912-
1. TR-Progressive (Bull Moose Party)
-The New Nationalism-#
2. Taft (Republican)
3. Wilson (Democrat)
-New Freedom-#
III. Woodrow Wilson (13-21) (Democrat)
A. Economic Reforms-2 key tariff reduction and economic reforms
1. Underwood Tariff Act (1913) #
2. Federal Reserve Act-# pg 310
B. Regulating Big Business
1. Clayton Antitrust Act-#
2. Federal Trade Commission-#
C. Social issues
-Keating-Owen Child Labor Act-#
IV. Legacy of Progressivism + & -
A. Role of government in Regulating business & social problems
B. Progressive Amendments 16-19
C. Limits of Progressive movement
1. Low ebb of Race Relations
2. Springfield IL Riots 1908-#
-Lynching’s Springfield MO
3. Niagara Movement-#
-NAACP-#
4. Great Migration-Large number of African Americans moving north to escape Jim Crow
5. ADL (American Defamation League)#
6. Eugenics-using science (laws of heredity) to solve social problems (crime, poverty, etc)-Margaret Sanger-Planned Parenthood (Eugenic)