Salmonella, Ticks, Borrelia
Salmonella has been detected in ticks (see studies below). Patients with tick borne diseases are sometimes testing positive for salmonella, often in the same geographical areas. Are ticks passing salmonella to humans and pets? We can't say for sure, but until it is known for sure it can or can't be it would be wise to test patients for salmonella to be sure it doesn't become a chronic illness and it is not missed.
Selected Bibliography
[Spontaneous infection of ixodes ticks with salmonella] [Article in Russian] Nersesov VA, Beridze LP, Giorgadze TS, Manvelian DKh.Med Parazitol (Mosk). 2003 Jul-Sep;(3):30-1.
[The interrelations of the causative agents of transmissible diseases in ixodid ticks (Ixodidae) with a mixed infection] Korenberg EI. Parazitologiia. 1999 Jul-Aug;33(4):273-89. Review. Russian.
Birds, migration and emerging zoonoses: west nile virus, lyme disease, influenza A and enteropathogens. Reed KD, Meece JK, Henkel JS,Shukla SK. Clinical Research Center, Marshfield Medical Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin 54449, USA. Clin Med Res. 2003 Jan;1(1):5-12.
Bacterial triggers and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Girschick HJ, Guilherme L, Inman RD, Latsch K, Rihl M, Sherer Y, Shoenfeld Y,Zeidler H, Arienti S, Doria A. Pediatric Rheumatology, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Germany. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008 Jan-Feb;26(1 Suppl 48):S12-7.
Outcome of patients with arthritis and parvovirus B19 DNA in synovial membranes. Schmid S, Bossart W, Michel BA, Brühlmann P. Department of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Gloria-strasse 25, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.Rheumatol Int. 2007 Jun;27(8):747-51. Epub 2007 Mar 31.
[Arthritis and infections] [Article in Italian] Cimaz R, Meregalli E, Biggioggero M, Casadei A, Careddu P. Clinica Pediatrica De Marchi, ICP, Milan. rolando.cimaz@unimi.it Minerva Pediatr. 2005 Aug;57(4):181-8.
Nested polymerase chain reaction strategy simultaneously targeting DNA sequences of multiple bacterial species in inflammatory joint diseases. II. Examination of sacroiliac and knee joint biopsies of patients with spondyloarthropathies and other arthritides. Braun J, Tuszewski M, Ehlers S, Häberle J, Bollow M, Eggens U, Distler A, Sieper J. J Rheumatol. 1997 Jun;24(6):1101-5.
[Value of antigen, antibody and pathogen-specific lymphocyte detection in diagnosis of pathogen-induced arthritis]. Hermann E, Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH. Z Rheumatol. 1995 Jan-Feb;54(1):16-25. Review. German.
Long-term prognosis of reactive salmonella arthritis. Leirisalo-Repo M, Helenius P, Hannu T, Lehtinen A, Kreula J, Taavitsainen M, Koskimies S. Ann Rheum Dis. 1997 Sep;56(9):516-20.
Med Parazitol (Mosk). 2003 Jul-Sep;(3):30-1.
[Article in Russian]
Nersesov VA, Beridze LP, Giorgadze TS, Manvelian DKh.
An epizootological study of the ticks gathered from the cattle and ground surface in the Dedoplistskaroisky and Dushetsky districts of Eastern Georgia has identified 5 Salmonella a typhimurium strains. The strains were isolated from the ticks Haemaphysalis punctata, Rhipicephalus bursa, Hyalomma plumbeum. They were found to be resistant to 10 of 16 antibiotics. The strains showed a high sensitivity only to 3 antibiotics, such as gentamicin, cirpofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin and 3 strains were highly sensitive to chloramphenicol. The above ticks seem to have been spontaneously infected with the pathogen Salmonella on the animals at the moment of bacteremia.