Children vs Infants

Catholics built infant baptism on the assumption children meant infants and household implied infants, but researching the word tekton (children) you will find it was mainly for working children. The word was used for artisans of wood or stone work and children taught the trades. The same is true of household which was an economic term and seldom implied infant if at all. See the articles on household. In ephesians 4-6 children (Tekton) is used of those old enough to obey and even work to requite their parents. We are like dear beloved children who follow their parents in a right relationship. These are for training age as proverbs said to "train up a child".

Ephesians 5:1

Be ye therefore followers of God, as dear children; 

Ephesians 5:6

Let no man deceive you with vain words: for because of these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience. 

Ephesians 6:1

Children, obey your parents in the Lord: for this is right. 

Ephesians 6:4

And, ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath: but bring them up (train) in the nurture and admonition of the Lord. 

This same principal is used in the old testament, see Leviticus 6:18, where the children of Aaron could eat the sacrafices, thus children were old enough as priests to offer and eat of sacrifices. They weren't infants.

Notice also children could commit sins according to Christ, not so with infants.

Mark 3:28

Verily I say unto you, All sins shall be forgiven unto the sons (children in some versions) of men, and blasphemies wherewith soever they shall blaspheme: 

This is another word that is an equivelent to tekton but can also be used of heir servants in a household. So it covers natural children and servant children in a household. they can be adult children. In this case they could commit sin and even blaspheme which requires organized speech and argument. Not infants. Mark 3:28 matches baptism in Acts 2:38 and the promise of Acts 2:39, both involve forgiveness of personal sin.

Chrysostom was wrong in assuming children meant infants. Children implies production. Christ is a good example since promises given to him were fulfilled as an adult. See the following,

Revelation 12:5

And she brought forth a man child, who was to rule all nations with a rod of iron: and her child was caught up unto God, and [to] his throne. 

Notice Jesus was still a child as an adult, and the promise of being taken before God the Father and ruling all nations was not fulfilled until adulthood. Promises to children aren't often fulfilled as babies. Almost never. We can see this also in Galations where The promise in Acts 2:39 was to their children without promising to them as babies. The promise was to their children in the dative case, meaning to be taught and understood at some point in time. Acts 2:39 doesn't mention infant baptism, but a promise to them. Promises must be understood for faith to be real.

The word promise (Aggelos) actually means to be made aware, so a promise like the Gospel can't be to babies since they can't be aware, but can be to older children. A messenger delivering a message for understanding. This is clarified in Galatians 3, The promise is for believers in the messianic promise.

Galatians 3:22

But the scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe. 

Galatians 3 and 4 present an interesting scenario, one can be children of Abraham before becoming children of Christ. The promise of Acts 2:39 is the same promise as Galatians 3, it is to those of faith.

Galatians 3:7

Know ye therefore that they which are of faith, the same are the children of Abraham. 

All those who believed the Messiah would come were children of Abraham, but only those who believe Christ has come can be the Children of God. This may seem hard to understand, but Galatians is about this truth. The transition from child or sons of Abraham to the Sons of God required the Gospel to be fulfilled, including our baptism. Notice verse 8 speaks of the era before Christ.

Galatians 3:8

And the scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the heathen through faith, preached before the gospel unto Abraham, [saying,] In thee shall all nations be blessed. 

Those of faith in the messianic promise were children of Abraham but they were shut up for a time. The Gospel was not yet revealed in its clarity to them. 

Faith only theology doesn't recognize the difference between the distinction between Abraham and Christ, and being children of either. Their theology copies a pre-christian people. The Jews and some gentiles were part of a pre-christian theology that wasn't in a revealed completion.

Galatians 3:23

But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed. 

Verse 23 actually says "the faith" came, meaning the New Covenant. Paul is recording the difference between children of Abraham and Children of Christ. All children of God in Christ are children of Abraham, but not all children of Abraham with a basic belief in the coming of Messiah became children of God in a completed sense.Many Jew and gentile accepted Abraham but never accepted Jesus and the cross. Becoming a child of God  had to be completed through obedience to the Gospel.

Galatians 4:3

Even so we, when we were children, were in bondage under the elements of the world: 

This is children of Abraham, waiting for the messianic promise.

But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law, 

To redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons. 

And because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father. 

Wherefore thou art no more a servant, but a son; and if a son, then an heir of God through Christ.